1. Procedures and Treatments
Chapter 5

2. The Nurse’s Role in Performing or Assisting With Procedures
Following guidelines set by the health care institution, including:
The preparation before the procedure
The follow-up needed when the procedure is completed
Ensuring patient safety before, during, and after all procedures and treatments

3. The Nurse’s Role in Preparing the Client for Procedures
Providing psychological or emotional support
Explaining the procedure and encouraging questions
Providing comfort to the child and caregivers
Ensuring legal and safety factors are enforced
Ensuring an order is written for the procedure
Identifying the child
Performing handwashing
Following standard precautions

4. The Nurse’s Role After Procedures
Leaving child in a safe position
Comforting and reassuring the child
Answering caregiver questions
Removing and disposing of equipment and supplies properly
Labeling, preparing, and documenting specimens according to agency policy
Documenting the procedure and the child’s response

5. Types of Restraints Used for Procedures
Mummy restraints
Papoose boards
Clove hitch restraints
Elbow restraints
Jacket restraints

6. Common Methods of Holding a Child
Horizontal position
Upright position
Football hold

7. Performing Procedures Related to Elevated Body Temperature
Using methods to reduce fever
Maintaining hydration by encouraging fluids
Administering acetaminophen
Controlling environmental factors
Removing excess blankets and clothing
Lowering the room temperature
Using cooling devices

8. Performing Procedures Related to Feeding and Nutrition
Monitoring and documenting the intake of fluids and nutrients
Providing nourishment by means of gavage feedings
Inserting a gastrostomy tube surgically

9. Data Documented During Gavage Feedings
The type and amount of contents aspirated by the nurse
The amount of feeding given
The child’s tolerance for the procedure
The positioning of the child after completion

10. Procedures Related to Respiration
Administering oxygen
Performing nasal and oral suctioning
Caring for a tracheostomy
Monitoring and maintaining adequate oxygenation

11. Role of the Nurse in Using Cold or Heat Therapy
Applying the treatment
Closely monitoring the effects of the treatment
Documenting observations

12. Procedures Related to Elimination
Administering an enema to a child as a treatment or as a preoperative procedure
Caring for an ostomy site and documenting the output from an ostomy

13. Types of Ostomies Colostomy
Bringing a part of the colon through the abdominal wall to create an outlet for fecal material elimination
Ileostomy
A similar opening in the small intestine
Urostomy
Created to help in the elimination of urine

14. Procedures for Specimen Collection
Collecting nose and throat specimens
Collecting urine specimens
Collecting stool specimens

15. Methods Used to Obtain Urine Specimens
Collection bag
Clean catch
Catheterization
24-hour urine collection

16. Assisting With Procedures Related to Collection of Blood and Spinal Fluid
Holding or restraining a child during a blood test
Restraining a child in the proper position for a lumbar puncture

17. Types of Diagnostic Studies
X-rays
Arteriograms
Computed tomography (CT) scans
Intravenous pyelograms
Bone or brain scans
Electrocardiograms (EKGs)
Electroencephalograms (EEGs)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
Cardiac catheterizations

18. Role of the Nurse in Assisting With Diagnostic Studies
Teaching and preparing the child and the caregiver
Requesting and scheduling the tests or studies
Completing required paperwork; ensuring consents are signed
Ensuring that NPO status is maintained
Clarifying and documenting any allergies
Supporting, comforting, and restraining the child
Performing and documenting care after the procedure