1. Human Biology Digestive System
Ch. 38

2. True or False Your mouth digests sugar only.
Your large intestine is involved in digestion of fat.
Your stomach juice is basic.
Most of the digestive enzymes are produced by pancreas.
Most of the digestion takes place in the small intestine.
The enzyme pepsin breaks down carbohydrates.

3. The Functions of Digestive System
_______________________

4. Types of Digestion Mechanical Digestion
-__________ breaking down of food into smaller parts (______________, ______________)
-increases ____________ to maximize rate of _________________.
Chemical Digestion
Breaking down of food into smaller substances by ________________.
Ex. Carbohydrates can be broken down into simple sugar, glucose

6. Parts of Digestive System
Mouth
- teeth (_________ digestion)
- saliva (_________ digestion) has an enzyme called ________ that breaks down ________________.

7. Parts of Digestive System
Esophagus – a tube that pushes food down to stomach
- __________= wave-like contraction that moves food down

8. Parts of Digestive System
3. Stomach
churns or mixes food (mechanical digestion)
- releases gastric juice (___________ acid and enzyme called ______) to break down __________ (chemical digestion).

9. Parts of Digestive System
4. Small Intestine – most digestion takes place in the first part of small intestine called ___________________
carbohydrates (_____________)
fats (__________, ___________)
nucleic acid (_____________)
proteins (_______, ______, _______________)
- All the enzymes are released by __________ and bile is produced by __________.

10. Parts of Digestive System
5. Large Intestine – _______ and _________ absorbed
6. Rectum – stores _________
7. Anus – opening for elimination of solid waste

11. ________ in intestines
Finger-like projections that ___________ the surface area and nutrient absorption.

12. Accessory Organs
Not part of the digestive tract, but help in digestion
_____ – releases bile to break down fat in small intestine
____________– stores bile
____________ – produces pancreatic enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats in small intestine; produces ______ and ___________.

13. Calories A unit of ________ stored in food
Carbohydrates = ___ cal/g of energy.
Fats = ___ cal/g of energy
Proteins = _____ cal/g of energy

14. Vitamins & Minerals
Necessary to carry out every day chemical reactions in human body.
Vitamin A – good for skin & vision
Vitamin B – metabolism (esp. fat & carbs)
Vitamin C – antioxidant, tissue repair & would healing
Vitamin D – makes the bones stronger by allowing bones to absorb calcium from the blood better
Vitamin E – prevents cellular damage; good for skin
Vitamin K – blood clotting