1. Beyond national policy: local drivers for a better environment
John Murlis,
Environment Protection UK
7th EPUK National Conference
The Future of the UK Environment: delivering
health and wellbeing over the next 25 years
Aston 9th October 2017

2. Overview Background: growth of urbanism Demand for transport services
Consequences
Impacts
Potential solutions
Implementation
What is needed now

3. Background Urban growth; a long standing process Driven by:
Transformation of rural economies
Access to employment
Access to services, education, health, cultural, entertainment
Expectations of a better life
Urban population now 50%, >65% by 2050
Now: circa 4500 cities, >35 Megacities
Future cities larger, more numerous
Growing interest in liveability as a USP for cities

4. Growth 8.2 million to 14.8 million; 2000 to 2016
Istanbul: Turkey
Growth 8.2 million to 14.8 million; 2000 to 2016

7. Demand for transport services (UK stats)

8. Demand for transport services

9. Growth in Vehicle Ownership

10. Demand for public transport services

11. Consequences/externalities

12. Consequences/externalities
What is seen/felt
Noise
Congestion
Conflicts between road users
Proximity of vehicles and pedestrians
Conflict between road users and pedestrians (for space)
Construction works
What is unseen
Air pollution
Greenhouse gas emissions
Transport/Vehicles a major factor
Chris Orr, Jam Utopia, from The Multitude Diaries

16. Consequences impacts Direct health impacts:
Premature mortality from exposure to air pollution
Road accidents
Stress from traffic congestion
Health effects of traffic noise
Quality of life impacts:
Loss of time
Grime
Poor accessibility
Low liveability

17. Potential solutions: 1 Policies based primarily on technology
Cleaner vehicles and fuels
Smarter journeys
Better, more attractive public transport

18. 21st Century Energy Concepts
*Permission of Toyota

19. Tevva designs and develops extended-range electric trucks
Tevva designs new build and retrofit extended-range electric powertrains for 7.5 tonne trucks
In an extended-range electric truck, an electric motor drives the wheels and a generator recharges the battery
Small diesel
or other engine
powers generator 3
Generator recharges batteries when needed 4
“Range
Extender”
New build trucks 1
Battery Management System controls use of battery while communicating with other systems 5
Retrofit solutions 2
Li-ion battery modules store electricity from grid or on-board generator 2
Electric motor drives wheels
Performance & emissions management software 1 3
Click here for a video of a Tevva truck in London

20. Cleaner Vehicles in Service
Many options: low impacts on air quality, climate and quieter
Experience of performance in service
Now many local initiatives

21. Bus Rapid Transit

22. Potential Solutions: 2
Policies directed primarily at delivering sustainable, more liveable, cities, aiming for:
Social benefits:
shorter, healthier commuting
more family time
lower stress, fewer accidents
Economic benefits:
lower costs of travel
fewer accidents
more productive time
Environmental benefits
cleaner air
less greenhouse gas emission
reduced land use

23. Planning for Sustainable Cities
Physical planning to:
Reduce travel distances for residents
Employment/service/retail locations designed to improve accessibility
Better connections for logistics/supply
Maximise green space
Create safe routes for cycling/walking

24. Enabling Alternative Solutions (with added health benefits)

25. Implementation:1
Solutions based primarily on technology need regulation or financial incentives
Low emission zones
Circulation permits
Reduced charges/subsidies
Specific exclusions (eg diesel ban)
Limited by national legislation
Public costs high
Do not address broader sustainability concerns

26. Implementation: 2
Solutions based on planning for urban sustainability rely on local empowerments, local knowledge.
Can take advantage of city leaders’ concern for competitive advantage
The EIU's Global Liveability Ranking
Monocle Top 25 Cities
Costs lower than unplanned expansion, but:
Need time for development
May lead to higher density
Opportunities for linkages with climate policies; improved effectiveness and better cost/benefit

27. EIU Liveability Index 2017

28. Managing Demand and Planning
Improved public transport: enhanced route planning; rapid bus transit; light tram
Access management: congestion charging; low emission zones; alternate day access; multiple occupancy lanes
Economic measures: road pricing; emission taxing; clean vehicle incentives
Planning for public transport: locating retail/business in planned transport hubs

29. What is needed now
Immediate action to assimilate cost effective technology solutions
Flexible regulations to encourage smarter delivery of transport services
Encourage explicit environmental criteria in urban liveability assessment
Encourage innovation and experimentation in urban design
Find opportunities in Habitat III, C40, sustainable cities networks

30. Conclusions
Urbanisation drives demand for transport services; mobility/accessibility for people and goods
Currently satisfied by unsustainable means, compromising quality of life, the liveability of cities
Potential to use mix of hard solutions (new vehicles and fuels, more intelligent systems) and soft solutions (planning for liveability, alternatives to vehicles) to deliver future demand
Urgent need to identify and celebrate innovation/ experimentation, disseminate case studies, learn from experience and promote good practice.

32. Non-Road Sources
Construction machinery remains a major factor in quality of urban life: PM, noise, odour
Retrofit DMP a viable solution
Now time to put it into effect
Impacts on construction costs low
Low S fuels required but increasingly widely available

33. Dual Fuel Truck:
Hardstaff Engineering

34. Smart use of range extended vehicles can improve local air quality and reduce GHG emissions more than BEVs
GRADIENT
LOW EMISSION ZONE
Drop off C
Drop off A
Depot
Drop off B
Drop off D
DAILY ROUTE PLAN D C B A
Delivery routes increasingly involve low emission zones
Smart range extender technologies charge battery in areas of low emissions sensitivity and use pure battery power wherever sensitivity is high
BENEFITS:
Zero emission transport where it matters
More emission free miles for same battery size
Lower emissions than diesel even when range extender running