1. Progress in Lithotriptor Technology
Jens J. Rassweiler, Geert G. Tailly, Christian Chaussy 
EAU Update Series 
Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages (March 2005)
DOI: /j.euus
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Actual lithotriptor concepts—ESWL-tables. (a) Siemens Modularis; (b) Dornier Compact Delta; (c) Storz Modulith SLK; (d) Wolf Piezolith 3000; (e) Direx Nova Ultima; (f) Storz Modulith SLK and (g) HMT LithoDiamond.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 1
Actual lithotriptor concepts—ESWL-tables. (a) Siemens Modularis; (b) Dornier Compact Delta; (c) Storz Modulith SLK; (d) Wolf Piezolith 3000; (e) Direx Nova Ultima; (f) Storz Modulith SLK and (g) HMT LithoDiamond.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 2
Uro-lithotriptors. (a) Phillips LithoDiagnost M (LDM); (b) Modulith SLX; (c) Siemens Multiline and (d) Dornier Lithotriptor S.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 3
Theories of stone disintegration. (a) Tear and shear forces and cavitation; (b) Quasistatic squeezing.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 4
Observation of shock wave front passing a test stone (from Pei Zhong). (a) High speed photography, translucent stone model; (b) initial fracture line in calcified test stone, perpendicular or parallel to shock wave front.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 5
Demonstration of the impact of different physical shock wave parameters for stone disintegration (with permission from Dr. Ralf Nanke, Dr. Bernd Granz, Jens Fehre, Siemens. Erlangen [41]). (a) Stone model demonstrating the importance of shock wave energy for stone disintegration (same peak pressure: p+=20MPa; 1000 impulses with 0.3 vs. 5mJ/SW). (b) Graph demonstrating that stone disintegration depends on energy and not on focal size (three different electromagnetic sources).
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 6 Direx Duet providing two electrohydraulic shock wave sources.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 7
Technical principle of dual focus: enlargement of focal size by extension of pulse width.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 8
New electromagnetic lithotriptors with larger focal zone for increased energy delivery. (a) Xinin Compact: self-focussing electromagnetic element, only lateral ultrasound localisation. (b) Siemens Lithoskop: newly designed multifunctional uro-lithotriptor. Shock wave source rotable around the patient on an iso-centric C-arm focusing on the center of the digital X-ray c-arm.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 9
Comparison of disintegrative efficacy of modified electomagnetic shock wave source (EMSE220 F-XXP) to Dornier HM3.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

12. Fig. 10
Correlation of energy density (mJ/mm2) to renal lesion in a perfused porcine model (LS: lesion score).
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
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13. Fig. 11 Lithotrack for 3D X-ray navigation (Storz Modulith SLK).
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
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14. Fig. 12
Improved localization and determination of successful fragmentation by duplex sonography. Change of Doppler signal indicates disintegration.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, 17-36DOI: ( /j.euus )
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions