1. Treated Effluent Reuse / Discharge Practices in Larnaca and Limassol
Evi Theopemptou
10 December 2018

2. Photo of Cyprus
10 December 2018

3. The Town of Larnaca
10 December 2018

4. Cyprus’ Statistics Annual rainfall 460 mm
Capacity of dams million m3
Water demand per year 270 million m3
Water demand for
agriculture 70%
10 December 2018

5. Total Effluent Production
Now
5 urban WWTP operate
14,6 million m3 tertiary treated effluent
produced yearly
8 % of water demand for agriculture
By 2020
7 WWTP will operate
42 million m3 tertiary treated effluent will be produced yearly
23 % of water demand in agriculture
10 December 2018

6. Quality Characteristics
Tertiary Treated Effluent
Irrigation (excluding vegetables)
Sea outfall
BOD5
10 mg/l
COD
70 mg/l SS TN
15 mg/l
10 mg/l sea or sensitive areas TP
2 mg/l sea or sensitive areas
Chlorine residual
1 mg/l
0,5 mg/l
10 December 2018

7. Reuse Vs Discharge Reuse + Agricultural production
Increase green areas
Golf course irrigation
Avoid sea pollution _
Storage Reservoirs
Distribution costs
Health risks
Discharge +
No investment in reservoirs and distribution networks _
Loss of natural and financial wealth
Sea pollution
10 December 2018

8. Encouragement for re-use
Pricing policy
Source of water
Cost of production
(including distribution)
Selling price
per m3
Tertiary treated effluent
(Larnaca WWTP)
£0,173
£0,04 for farmers
£0,09 for green areas
£0,12 for golf courses
Government network (dams and ground water)
£0,11
variable – now
£0,11 by 2007 for all uses except green areas (£0,20)
Ground water extraction from aquifers recharged with treated effluent ?
£0,045 for all uses
10 December 2018

9. Limassol WWTP
10 December 2018

10. Limassol Reuse/Discharge Scheme 2004
25 km transfer main from the east to the west side of Limassol
2004 production = 6,5 million m3
85% - irrigation of citrus plantations and fodder crops
15% - sea discharge
10 December 2018

11. Larnaca WWTP
10 December 2018

12. Larnaca Re-use scheme 2004
35 km irrigation mains operating under 9 atm pressure recycling 100% of effluent produced - 1,50 million m3
1,10 million m3 (73%) for fodder crops
(clover and corn)
0,25 million m3 (17%) for football grounds
0,15 million m3 (10%) for hotel and municipal gardens
10 December 2018

13. Irrigated Corn Fields
10 December 2018

14. Irrigation with recycled water
10 December 2018

15. Thank you
10 December 2018