1. IMPORTANT PEOPLE

2. ANWAR SADAT Leader of Egypt during 1973 Arab-Israeli War
Signed Camp David Accords with Menachem Begin in 1978
Assassinated by fundamentalist Muslims in 1981

3. SADDAM HUSSEIN President of Iraq 1979-2003
Attacked Iran over Shattal-Arab waterway during Iran-Iraq War
Invaded Kuwait 1990 starting Persian Gulf War
Captured by U.S. then executed 12/06

4. OTTO VON BISMARCK Unified Germany through “blood and iron”
Used militarism and war
Took Alsace-Lorraine from France

5.                                                      
NAPOLEON
Emperor of France at end of French Revolution through coup d’etat
Napoleonic Code – equality and freedom of religion
Abolished serfdom, reduced power of RCC

6. ELIZABETH I Leader of England 1558-1603 Restored religious unity
Defeated Spanish Armada
England united, stable, nationalistic

7. ADOLF HITLER Leader of Nazi party
Germany is nationalistic, totalitarian (fascist) state
Aggression leads to WWII
Holocaust

8. MIKHAIL GORBACHEV
Won 1990 Nobel Peace Prize for part in ending Cold War
Perestroika reformed economy
Glastnost allowed openness
Many republics declare independence from Soviet Union, U.S.S.R. collapses

9. LENIN Leader of the Bolsheviks during Russian Revolution
Communist, Marxist
Promised peace, bread, and land
NEP has elements of capitalism

10. PETER THE GREAT Westernization of Russia
Obtained land from Sweden on Baltic Sea
Built new capital at St. Petersburg

11. CATHERINE THE GREAT Encouraged Enlightenment ideas
Autocratic czarina of Russia
Partitioned Poland
Obtained warm water port from Ottoman Empire

12. STALIN Ruler of Soviet Union after Lenin
Absolute dictator of totalitarian state
Purges against opponents
5 Year Plans for industry
Collectivization for agriculture

13. ADAM SMITH Author of Wealth of Nations Free market economy, capitalism
Noninvolvement of gov’t in econ.
“laissez faire” hands off

14. JOHN LOCKE Author of “Two Treatises on Government”
Enlightenment philosopher of 1700s
Rulers stay in power with consent of governed
Natural rights – life, liberty, property

15. KARL MARX Author of “Communist Manifesto”
Exploitation of workers (proletariat), would lead to revolution
Classless society

16. GALILEO Scientist who improves telescope, 1600s
Earth revolves around the sun
Tried by RCC as heretic

17. LOUIS XIV Absolute monarch of France c. 1700
Sun King and Palace of Versailles
Left France in debt

18. MACHIAVELLI Author of “The Prince” in Renaissance Italy
“end justifies the means” in ruthless politics

19. MARTIN LUTHER 95 Theses starts Protestant Reformation
Protests indulgences, corruption, worldliness of RCC
Ends religious unity in W. Europe

20. JOMO KENYATTA African independence leader
Leader of Mau Mau revolt against British
First president of independent Kenya

21. NELSON MANDELA
Leader of ANC imprisoned for 28 years for actions against apartheid
Winner of Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 with F.W. de Klerk
Elected first black president of South Africa in 1994

22. GANDHI
Responsible for achieving independence for India and Pakistan from Great Britain in 1947
Used passive resistance, civil disobedience, boycotts, Salt March
Encouraged unity and rights for all religions and castes

23. HO CHI MINH Found of Viet Minh nationalist group
Leader of Viet Cong (Vietnamese communists) that fought South Vietnam (backed by U.S.)

24. CHIANG KAI-SHEK Leader of Nationalist party in China after Sun Yat-sen
Lost to communists led by Mao
Forced to retreat to Taiwan

25. SUN YAT-SEN Led revolt against the Manchu dynasty in China
“Three Principles of the People”: Nationalism, Democracy, Livelihood
Ends thousands of years of rule by dynasties

26. DENG XIAOPING
Responisibility System allowed some private control of land and industry
Four Modernizations in industry, science, agriculture, technology
Violent crackdown in Tiananmen Square against democratic reforms in 1989

27. MAO ZEDONG Founder of Chinese communist party
                                    
MAO ZEDONG
Founder of Chinese communist party
Little Red Book (propaganda for totalitarian state)
Great Leap Forward, communes
Cultural Revolution

28. EMPEROR MEIJI End of shogun system and feudalism New education system
Beginning of industrialization for Japan
Leads to imperialism for raw materials
Competition with west

29. SIMON BOLIVAR The Liberator
Gained independence for Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Panama from Spain
Influenced by Enlightenment ideas and French and American Revolutions
Encouraged unified Latin America

30. FIDEL CASTRO Overthrew Batista government in Cuba
Aligned with Soviet Union
Only communist government in western hemisphere
                                     

31. TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE
                                     
TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE
Led revolt of African slaves against French for Haiti’s independence
First Latin American nation to achieve independence

32. CONFUCIUS Chinese philosopher 500 b.c.
Social order based on 5 relationships
Valued family, government, education, ethics
Foundation of Chinese civilization

33. SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA Founder of Buddhism, the Buddha
                                     
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
Founder of Buddhism, the Buddha
Rejected wealth and meditated on human suffering
Four Noble Truths
Noble Eight-Fold Pah to nirvana

34. MUHAMMAD Founder of Islam Born in Mecca
                                       
MUHAMMAD
Founder of Islam
Born in Mecca
Preached faith in Allah, 5 Pillars
Fled to Medina after persecution (hejira)

35. MOTHER TERESA Catholic nun, Sisters of Charity
Helps poor and diseased of India, built hospitals and orphanages
Won Nobel Peace Prize for efforts

36. Lech Walesa
Leader of Polish Solidarity movement, an independent trade union
He was arrested and imprisoned
International pressure led to his release
1989 Free elections Lech Walesa is elected President

37. Aung San Suu Kyi Myanmar formerly Burma
1990 the opposition party led by 1991 Noble Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi
She won election but was put on house arrest
Freed from house arrest and wins Parliamentary election in 2012

38. PEOPLE ON EXAM
RELIGION/PHILOSOPHY – Confucius, Jesus, Muhammad, Siddhartha Gautama, Luther
AUTHORS/THINKERS – Marx, Locke, Smith, Galileo, Machiavelli
WESTERNIZATION – Peter the Great, Emperor Meiji, Ataturk, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
LAW CODES – Hammurabi, Justinian, Napoleon

39. LEADERS – Pericles, Louis XIV, Elizabeth I, Catherine the Great, Akbar the Great, Genghis Khan, Napoleon, Otto von Bismarck, Lenin, Hitler, Gandhi, Mao, Mandela
EXPLORERS – Zheng he, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta, Columbus
INDEPENDENCE LEADERS/NATIONALISTS – Simon Bolivar, Toussaint, Sun Yat-sen, Jomo Kenyatta, Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh

40. CHECK OUT…
Thematic essays on p. 423, 444
GOOD LUCK!