1. L.E. Bio Theme 2
Intro. to BIOCHEMISTRY

2. The Chemistry of Life Life is composed of MATTER MATTER
(anything that occupies space and has mass)
MATTER
is composed of chemical ELEMENTS (substances that cannot be broken down into other substances) and COMPOUNDS
Of about 92 elements that occur in nature, only about 11 make-up the human body

3. Elements of the Human Body
Elements in the Human Body
Name
Symbol
Percent of Weight
Oxygen O
65.0
Carbon C
18.5
Hydrogen H
9.5
Nitrogen N
3.3
Calcium Ca
1.5
Phosphorous P
1.0
Potassium K
0.4
Sulfur S
0.3
Sodium Na
0.2
Chlorine Cl
Magnesium Mg
0.1
Webelements - interactive periodic table

4. Also Remember the “Big Four”
Remember C, H, O, N, P, S
Also Remember the “Big Four”
C, H, O N
Carbohydrates are made of………C, H and O
Fats (lipids) are made of………………C, H and O
Proteins are made of………………….C, H, O and N
Chinese Triplets
CHO
Carbohydrate
CHO
Fat (Lipid)
CHON
Protein

5. COMPOUNDS
substances containing two or more elements that are chemically combined
(ex. Chlorophyll, Water, Starch)
C55H72O5N4Mg, H2O, (C6H10O5)n
ATOMS
smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element, each element consists of one type of atom

6. Organic Compounds 1st all contain the element Carbon (C)
2nd they also contain Hydrogen (H) and sometimes Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N)
Occur in living things and their products
Examples
Glucose (C6H12O6), Sucrose (C11H22O11)

7. Inorganic Compounds
Do NOT contain the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)
Examples
Sodium chloride (NaCl), Quartz (SiO2)
Exceptions
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbonates (CO3)

8. Important Inorganic Compounds
Water (see next slide)
Salts
Important for proper body function

9. Characteristics of Water:
Liquid at room temperature.
Universal solvent.
Temperature of water changes slowly.
Frozen water is less dense so ice floats.
Provides a place for reactions to occur.

10. Reactions Oxidation Synthesis
Something reacts with oxygen; releases energy
Example: Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Synthesis
Building larger molecules from smaller molecules

11. Dehydration Synthesis
Building larger molecules from smaller molecules by removing water

12. Draw Dehydration Synthesis

13. Dehydration Synthesis
Linking together to form polymers by removing water.
Covalent bond

14. Hydrolysis = Digestion
Breaking down by adding water
Makes larger molecules smaller
Uses one water molecule per bond

15. Draw Hydrolysis

16. Hydrolysis

17. youtube 2PP-DehydrationSynthesis