1. Thought of the Day- What is Earth’s energy budget?
Mr. Ruark’s Earth Science
Thought of the Day- What is Earth’s energy budget?
Please answer the following questions using your book. Look at Figure 3 on page 35.
1. Name two items from the biosphere that you see in that picture.
2. What do you see that would be labeled as part of the geosphere?
The lake is part of which of Earth’s four spheres?
The sky is blue because…
Daily Objective(s):
We will determine the importance of Earth’s energy budget.
Day 19
Unit 1: Introduction to Earth Science

2. Cool Down: REVIEW
When the Earth’s receives more of the Sun’s energy than it sends off, the Earth will get warmer or cooler? Why?

3. Energy in the Earth System
Chapter 2

4. Earth-System Science
System: an organized group of related objects or components that interact to create a whole
Vary in size
Subatomic to size of the universe
All have boundaries
Many have energy and matter recycled through them

5. Earth-System Science
Operation of the Earth system is a result of interaction between matter and energy
Transfers of matter and energy cause changes in the physical or chemical properties of matter

6. Open Systems
Open system: both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings
Example: a lake
Water enters lake through rainfall and streams
Waters exits lake through streams and evaporation
Sunlight and air exchange heat with lake
Wind energy is transferred to the lake as waves

7. Closed Systems
Closed system: energy, but not matter, is exchanged with the surroundings
Example: a sealed jar
Heat and light energy can be exchanged through jar’s sides
Matter cannot enter or exit because the jar is sealed

8. The Earth System All systems that make up the Earth system are open
BUT matter exchange is limited
Only a small amount of space dust and rock enters the system
Only a fraction of H atoms in the atmosphere escape into space

9. Earth’s Four Spheres
Matter on Earth is in solid, liquid, and gaseous states
The Earth system is composed of four spheres:
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Biosphere

10. Earth’s Four Spheres
Atmosphere: the blanket of gasses that surrounds the Earth’s surface
Provides air that we breathe
Protects us from the Sun’s harmful radiation
Made mostly of nitrogen and oxygen

11. Earth’s Four Spheres Hydrosphere: all of Earth’s water
97% saltwater (oceans)
3% freshwater
Lakes
Rivers
Streams
Frozen in glaciers and ice sheets
Underground

12. Earth’s Four Spheres Geosphere: the mostly solid part of Earth
Includes all of the rock and soil on the surface of the continents and ocean floor
also includes the solid and molten interior of Earth

13. Earth’s Four Spheres
Biosphere: composed of all the forms of life on Earth
Also composed of any organic matter that has not decomposed
Extends from the deepest parts of the ocean to the atmosphere

14. Earth’s Energy Budget
Exchanges and flow of energy happen in predictable ways
Remember! Energy and matter can be transferred but not created nor destroyed
Matter and energy are constantly being exchanged through Earth’s four spheres:
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Biosphere
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15. Internal Sources of Energy
Interior of Earth heated from radioactive decay and its formation
Hot materials rise to the surface through convection
Energy is transferred through the layers and released at the surface as heat
This process caused mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes

16. External Sources of Energy
Sun: solar radiation warms the atmosphere and surface
Causes movement of air masses, which generates winds and ocean currents
Plants use solar energy to fuel growth
Animals eat plants, transferring the energy through biosphere

17. External Sources of Energy
Gravitational energy: from the sun and moon
Generates tides which cause currents

18. The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is essential in the fuel used for life processes
Short-term cycle:
Plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates (sugars)
Organisms eat plants and get carbon
Organisms’ bodies release carbon dioxide through respiration, through wastes (poop), and by decay of remains

19. The Carbon Cycle
Long-term cycle: carbon moves through Earth’s four spheres over a very long time
Carbon is stored in geosphere in:
Plant or animal remains
Rock called a carbonate (limestone)
Forms from shells and bones
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20. The Water Cycle
Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere
Water changes from liquid to gas through evaporation and transpiration
Condensation causes water to change from gas back to a liquid, forming clouds
Water falls back to surface through precipitation
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