1. 1 In the Name of the Most High New Trends in Network Management

2. Need for new management technologies Since late 80s Networks have evolved Management needs have changed Management technologies have evolved Mismatch in speed of evolution of networks and management requirements vis a vis management technology

3. Evolution of networks In the mid-late 80s Devices simple, resource constrained Capabilities were limited Today Increased functional complexity Increased complexity in configuration Increased intelligence and programmability of devices Networks that provide a wide range of services NGNs: Packet based networks for all services Providing unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers for services of their choice

4. Source: ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF) Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

6. Changes in operator needs Management of large backbone networks requires powerful configuration management Move from device management approach to system management Service centric view of network VoIP (residential and business), multimedia streaming, IP TV, fast data connectivity, triple play Increased speed of service delivery Automation of business processes

7. Consequences for management Rethinking management principles – integration of independent developments Management support for delivering quality service Changes resulting from user focus as opposed to network focus Importance of developing standardized management software for easy maintenance and extensibility

8. Traditional approaches - Datacomm SNMP based Aim was to have simple small footprint protocol Kept self contained and independent of other network services Catered to fault, performance monitoring, simple configuration management Soon after release, shortcomings were exposed

9. Key revisions in SNMP v2, v3 Revised OBJECT definitions counter64 type Improved tables unambiguous row selection procedures for creation and deletion of rows augmenting of tables Notification definition Manager-manager communication SNMP v3 - Security

10. Drawbacks of SNMP Inadequate information modeling – simple data structures and protocol operations Object based rather than object oriented No inheritance – so no information re-use Inadequate primitive for bulk information retrieval UDP transport restricts size of data that can be sent Limited configuration management support Low level semantics

11. Configuration management needs Need to apply configuration changes to several network devices simultaneously Download bulk configuration changes on many devices Schedule configuration operations on devices at particular times Roll back support Co-ordinated activation of downloaded configurations

12. Overcoming SNMP shortcomings Evolutionary efforts were made to address shortcomings Improving SMI Improving SNMP protocol Enhancing configuration management capability

13. Evolutionary efforts - I Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) and Network Management Research Group (NMRG) developed SMIng Allows arbitrarily nested data structures Facilitates re-usability of complex data structures Extensible mechanisms IETF was to develop a standards track for above in 2000 Phase 1: requirements drawn up Phase 2: 2 strong proposals emerged Efforts to merge these failed, in 2003, group was wound up

14. Evolutionary efforts - II Attempt to improve protocol shortcomings Efforts to reduce overhead due to OID redundancy Compression Suppression of redundant OID fragments Effect bulk transfer at MIB level instead of OID Use of TCP as transport protocol Did not meet with success because of industry reluctance to accept new technology

15. Evolutionary efforts - III COPS PR for improving Configuration Management capability Resource Allocation Protocol (RAP) –WG for policy based configuration and provisioning Specification language: Structure of Policy Provisioning Information (SPPI) TCP is transport protocol Intends to make configuration changes based on PBMS

16. Selecting a management technology Information model Defines how the management information is represented, data structures, objects etc. Eg., SNMP/UDP/IP is management protocol and SMI for definition of data Communication model Defines protocol for exchange of management information, structure of PDU, protocol operations Specifies how units of management information can be addressed Organizational model Actors, roles and principles of co-operation whether manager-agent, management by delegation, mobile agents, policy based etc.

17. Selecting a management technology Efficiency and timeliness Simplicity Cost of development and maintenance Maturity Security Overhead on managed equipment (CPU, memory footprint etc.) Bandwidth overhead

18. Characteristics of management data MFARealtimeBulkRead/Write FaultYes Read PerformanceYes Read ConfigurationNoYesRead/Write SecurityYes Read

19. Alternative management approaches Web based management embedded web server in device Browser can connect to to the URL of the device and html pages with management information Provides graphical displays of management information Improved configuration facility, detailed device management Drawbacks More an EMS-like approach – no end to end view High level management functions such as map based view, root cause analysis, trend analysis not supported

20. 20 Web Interface

21. 21 Proxy Server

22. 22 Embedded WBM

23. Web based & SNMP Devices have an embedded web server as well as SNMP agent (dual interface) Combines the advantages of both approaches Manager agent paradigm Efficient Fault and Performance monitoring capability offered by SNMP Detailed configuration Map based end-to-end view

24. 24 Desktop Management Interface Service Layer (SL) Management Interface (MI) Component Interface (CI) MIF DataBase MIF: Management Information Format Desktop Resident Management Applications Hardware/Software Components API

25. 25 Desktop Management Interface (DMI) Industry standard generated by - Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF) Started in 1992 to manage PCs Manages both hardware and software Two standards Management information format (MIF), similar to MIB Program interface with two APIs

26. 26 DMI Service Layer Synchronization and Flow Control Management Interface Component Interface MIF Access MIF Set MIF Install MIF DataBase Request/Confirms Response/ConfirmsEvents/Response Indications Command Processing Event Processing MIF Processing

27. 27 DMI Functions

28. 28 DMI MIB MIF specified using ASN.1 syntax Can be managed by an SNMP manager DMTF task expanded to specify WBEM - Web-based enterprise management DMTF Distributed - Distributed Management Task Force

29. 29 Web-Based Enterprise Management

30. 30 Web-Based Enterprise Management WBEM based on Common Information Module CIM is information-modeling framework intended to accommodate all protocols and frameworks Object-oriented Five components: Web client CIM object manager (CIMOM) CIM schema Management protocol Managed objects with specific protocol

31. 31 Microsoft WMI

32. 32 Microsoft WMI WMI is Microsoft infrastructure to support WBEM CIM WMI comprises management infrastructure, applications, and agents CIMOM has plug-in management applications COM/DCOM API specifies interface to CIMOM CIM is the CIM schema Object providers are management agents (e.g. SNMP agent)

33. New Management Technologies TeleManagement Forum(TMF) Interfaces MTNM NML-EMS interface based on CORBA MTOSI OS-OS interface based on XML 33