1. Chapters 6 & 7 Chemistry 1L Cypress Creek High School
Unit 7: Periodic Table
Chapters 6 & 7
Chemistry 1L
Cypress Creek High School 1

2. Part 3: Arrangement of the Periodic Table2

3. Energy Levels & Sublevels

4. States of Matter
Phase at room temperature…

5. Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

6. Metals Found on the left side of table
Have 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons
Lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)
Most are silver, shiny, solid, malleable, ductile & good heat / electrical conductors
Exist as solids at room temperature except for Hg (liquid)

7. Nonmetals Found on the right side of table
Have 5, 6, or 7 valence electrons
Gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
Most are brittle, dull, non-conductors
Exist as solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature 7

8. Metalloids
Found along the stair-step between metals and nonmetals, excluding Al
Properties are intermediate between metals & nonmetals 8

9. Oxidation Numbers
Number of electrons lost or gained when reacting to achieve full valence, often called the charge (ex: Na+ ; O2-)
Metals - form cations (+) ; lose valence electrons
d & f block metals have multiple oxidation numbers
Nonmetals - form anions (-) ; gain valence electrons
Metalloids - oxidation numbers vary 1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2- 3-
4+/-
multiple oxidation numbers 9

10. Period/Series

11. Period/Series Horizontal rows Share the same number of energy levels
Elements do not share as much in common horizontally as they do vertically

12. Groups/Families

13. Groups/Families Vertical columns They have similar properties
("A" families only!)
Same # of valence electrons (roman numerals at the top)

14. “A” Groups/Families A
Electron configuration ends in "s" or "p" sublevel

15. IA: Alkali Metals Most active metals Stored under oil, reacts w/water
1+ oxidation number
1 valence electron
All solids

16. IIA: Alkaline Earth Metals
Less reactive than IA
2+ oxidation number
2 valence electrons
All solids

17. VIIA: Halogens Most active nonmetals 1- oxidation number
7 valence electrons
All 3 states of matter represented

18. VIIIA: Noble Gases Relatively inactive / inert 0 oxidation number
8 valence electrons, except for He (2)
All gases

19. Hydrogen Unique element, most abundant in the universe (75%)
Gaseous nonmetal among solid metals
1+ oxidation number
1 valence electron 19

20. “B” Groups/Families B
Electron configuration ends in "d" or "f" sublevel

21. Transition Metals Transition metals are d-block elements
More stable than other metals, with higher melting & boiling points
Oxidation numbers vary 21

22. Inner-Transition Metals
Inner transition metals are f block elements
Lanthanide series is the top row (begins with Lanthanum)
Actinide series is the bottom row (begins with Actinum)
Most are rare, man-made, or radioactive
Oxidation numbers vary