1. PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ON INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN TAIWAN – A CASE STUDY OF KAOHSIUNG COUNTY Rong-Kang Shang, Chang-Yi David Chang Department of Geography National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan 2004.11.2

2. PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ON INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN TAIWAN – A CASE STUDY OF KAOHSIUNG COUNTY Introduction Definition of ICZM The World Evolution of ICZM Issues of Coastal Zone in Taiwan Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – A Case of Kaohsiung County Conclusions Suggestions

3. Introduction Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) The most practicable approach to achieve the sustainable development in the coastal areas since Earth Summit in 1992. An Ideal Model of ICZM The Four Evolution Stages (Vallega, 1999). The situations are various in different countries.

4. Introduction Reviewing past evolution of CZM in Taiwan Demanding an integrated management. Kaohsiung County as a case study Conducting field survey. Applying GIS overlay method. Examining current major problems. Analyzing ICZM possibility. Conclusions and suggestions

5. Definition of ICZM ICZM can be simplified as (FAO, 1991) integrated policydecision- making process ICZM - an integrated policy and decision- making process (Agenda 21, 1992) ICZM must include (Cicin-Sain and Knecht, 1998) Harmonized Goals Enforcement Mechanism Coordination Office Permit Approval Procedures IntersectoralIntergovernmentalSpatial Science-managementInternational Integration

6. Definition of ICZM integrated management and planning sustainable development ICZM is a process of integrated management and planning to achieve the sustainable development in the coastal zone (operational definition in this study). integrated management and planning sustainable development in the coastal zone

7. The World Evolution of ICZM land-oriented single-use multiple-use broader coastal areas whole range of uses Integrated Coastal Zone Management

8. StageObjectiveCoastal uses under management Geographical coverage 1960s: pre-take off Use management facing a single environmental issue socially perceived as important. One or a few uses (e.g., seaports and recreational uses). The shoreline 1970s: take off Use management and environmental protection. A few uses (e.g., seaports, manufacturing plants, recreational uses and fishing). The shoreline; A coastal zone delimited according to arbitrary criteria; Id., according to administrative criteria. 1980s: drive to maturity Use management and environmental protection. As an orientation, the whole range of uses. As above, seawards tending to manage national jurisdictional zone. 1990s: maturity Integrated management. Comprehensive use management. The management of the coastal ecosystem. Coverage delimited: landward, according to various criteria; seaward, with reference to the extent of the widest national jurisdictional zone. Vallega (1999) stated a stage-based model Taiwan is still at this stage

9. Issues of Coastal Zone in Taiwan The change of resource use From the extensive use to the large scale and intensive using activities. No special coastal zone management law to enforce the related regulations. No agency to enforce the law and conduct the related comprehensive plan.

10. National Scale Local Scale Development activities are intensive and diversified. intensive and diversified.

11. Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – A Case of Kaohsiung County Location - in the south west of Taiwan Length of shoreline - 20 kilometers

12. 1.Proposed development projects are competitive and incompatible. 2.Scope is overlapped.

13. 5.The development projects cause accelerated coastal erosion. 3.The development projects are terminated due to different reasons. 4.The development sites are next to the environmental sensitive areas.

14. Integrated management is not encompassed at Kaohsiung County. Developers did not follow the County Comprehensive Plan. Lack of attention on compatibility and carrying capacity. Land use conflicts have become a serious problem. Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – A Case of Kaohsiung County In Summary

15. Conclusions Taiwan needs ICZM. Existing regulations can not handle the pressure of development. Improving the decision-making process in local government is practicable. A reformation of management institute is needed.

16. Suggestions National level The institute of ICZM should be established in Ministry of Environmental Resource Management in the future. Local level Revising the Comprehensive Plan. Establishing a coordination mechanism. Enhancing the Environmental Impact Assessment. Promoting ICZM is the prime strategy for the sustainable development of coastal zone for the future Taiwan.

17. Thank You