1. Anatomy-Muscular System
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics &
Function

2. Bellwork What is a concentric contraction? Eccentric contraction?
Isometric contraction?

3. Objectives Students will be able to:
Identify skeletal muscles, their attachments & action

4. Terminology
Dorsiflexion
Upward bending of the foot
Pulling toes up

5. Terminology Plantar Flexion Downward bending of the foot Pointing toes
Dancers primarily plantarflex

6. Face Origin Zygomatic arch Insertion Mandible Action Closes the jaw
Raises the mandible

7. Masseter
The Chewing Muscle!
How would we CONTRACT this muscle?

8. Neck Muscle Sternocleidomastoid Origin Sternum (near manubrium)
Sterno – Sternum
Cleido – Clavicle
Mastoid – Mastoid Process
Origin
Sternum (near manubrium)
Clavicle (medial end)
Insertion
Mastoid Process

9. Sternocleidomastoid Action Bilaterally, Flex Cervical
Unilaterally, rotation to opposite side

10. Abdominals Rectus Abdominis Origin Pubis Insertion Xiphoid process
Costal cartilage (5-7)

11. Rectus Abdominus
Action
Compresses abdominal cavity
Flexion of trunk

12. Upper Extremity Muscles
Trapezius
Origin
Occipital
Spinous process C7-T12
Insertion
Lateral clavicle
Scapular spine

13. Trapezius What exercises could someone do to work their traps? Action
Elevation
Depression
Retraction
Stabilizes scapula
What exercises could someone do to work their traps?
Shrugs
Upright Row
Scap Retraction with bands

14. Upper Extremity Latissimus Dorsi Origin Spinous process T6-S5
Iliac crest
Insertion
Medial humerus

15. Latissimus Dorsi
Action
shoulder
Adduction of humerus

16. Upper Extremity Pectoralis Major Origin Medial clavicle Sternum
Costal cartilage (1-6)
Insertion
Proximal Humerus

17. Pectoralis Major
Action
Flexion
Adduction of humerus

18. Upper Extremity Deltoid - Anterior Origin Lateral clavicle Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

19. Anterior Deltoid
Action
Flexion
Horizontal adduction of humerus

20. Upper Extremity Deltoid - Middle Origin Acromion process Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

21. Middle Deltoid
Action
Abduction of humerus to 90 degrees

22. Upper Extremity Deltoid - Posterior Origin Scapular spine Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

23. Posterior Deltoid
Action
Extension
Horizontal abduction of humerus

24. Bellwork
Pectoralis Major O: I: A:
Rectus Abdominus A
Masseter

25. Flash Card Time! On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus Abdominus
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

26. Rotator Cuff Muscles
They originate on the scapula & insert on the humeral head
They hold the head of the humerus IN the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula.
Keep shoulder in socket.
4 Muscles make up the Rotator Cuff:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

27. Supraspinatus Origin: Insertion Action Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Action
Abduction of humerus
Stabilize head of humerus

28. Supraspinatus in Action!
Laying a ball up in basketball
Jumping Jack
Abduction of shoulder

29. Infraspinatus What view is this picture? Origin
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
Action
Lateral rotation of humerus
Or External Rotation
Stabilize head of humerus
What view is this picture?

30. Infraspinatus in Action!

31. Teres Minor Origin Lateral boarder of scapula Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
Action
Lateral rotation of humerus
External Rotation
Stabilize head of humerus

32. Teres Minor in Action!
Much like the Infraspinatus…working on lateral rotation exercises enhances this muscle
What other sports would need to strengthen their teres minor?

33. Subscapularis Origin Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action
Medial rotation of humerus
Internal rotation
Stabilize head of humerus

34. Actions of Rotator Cuff
Abduction
External Rotation
External rotation
Internal Rotation
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

35. Biceps Brachii Origin Short Head-coracoid process
Long Head-supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion
Radial tuberosity
Action
Flexion of elbow

36. Biceps in Action Discuss: Eccentrically Contract
Isometrically Contract

37. Triceps Brachii Origin Long Head Lateral Head Medial Head Insertion
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral Head
Posterior humerus
Medial Head
Insertion
Olecranon process of ulna
Action
Extension of elbow

38. Tricpes In Action!

39. Skeletal Muscle On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

40. Muscles of the Thigh
The muscles of the thigh run from the hip to the knee
What movements can the hip and knee joint perform?
What muscles/muscle group do you know?

41. Gluteus Maximus Origin Posterior sacrum & ilium Insertion
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action
Extension of femur/hip
External Rotation of hip

42. Glute Strength Squats are known to help build glute strength…
What other exercises would concentrically contract this muscle?

43. Hamstrings Biceps Femoris Origin Long head-ischial tuberosity
Short head-posterior femur
Insertion
Head of fibula
Action
Extension of hip
Flexion of the knee

44. Hamstrings Semitendinosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion
Anterior tibia
Action
Extension of hip
Flexion of the knee

45. Hamstrings Semimembranosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion
Posterior medial tibia
Action
Extension of hip
Flexion of the knee

46. Hamstrings O: Ischial tuberosity I: Fibula & Tibia
A: Flex knee Extend hip
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus

47. Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

48. Quadriceps Rectus Femoris Origin Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Insertion
Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee
Hip flexion

49. Quadriceps Vastus Lateralis Origin Femur Insertion Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee

50. Quadriceps Vastus Medialis Origin Femur Insertion Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee

51. Quadriceps Vastus Intermedius Origin Anterior femur Insertion
Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee

52. Lower Extremity Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius

53. Skeletal Muscle Quads On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Quads
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedialis
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

54. Final Chapter! Today will be the muscles of the low leg
This last group of muscles is the end of this muscle segment.
So far we have identified:
Face and Neck
Shoulders and Back
Abs and Glutes
Hamstrings and Quads
Today will be the muscles of the low leg
What is one muscle group that you already know?
Calf Muscles
Why do you think they call them the calves?
I have no idea!!

55. Lower Extremity Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion
Plantar surface of 1st metatarsal
Action
Dorsiflexion
Recall….what does this mean?
Inversion of ankle

56. Dorsiflexion & Inversion
Pointing toes out:
EVERSION
Pulling toes up:
DORSIFLEXION
Pointing toes down:
Plantarflexion
Pointing toes in:
Inversion

57. Lower Extremity Peroneus Longus Origin Proximal fibula Insertion
Plantar surface of 1st metatarsal
Action
Eversion of ankle

58. Lower Extremity Peroneus Brevis Origin Distal fibula Insertion
Base of 5th metatarsal
Action
Eversion of ankle

59. Eversion Exercises A commonly used rehab tool are resistance bands
Eversion exercises strengthen the Peroneus Longus

60. Lower Extremity Soleus Origin Upper tibia Posterior fibula Insertion
Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
Action
Plantarflexion of ankle

61. Lower Extremity Gastrocnemius Origin
Medial head-medial epicondyle of femur
Lateral head-lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion
Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
Action
Plantarflexion of ankle
This muscle is SUPERFICIAL to the Soleus

62. Gastrocnemius vs. Soleus
To isolate the SOLEUS
To isolate the GASTROC

63. Skeletal Muscle On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

64. Skeletal Muscle List of muscles learned
Name
Origin, Insertion & Action
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus Abdominus
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Quads
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedialis

65. Skeletal Muscle