1. Review with Timmy!

2. Welcome to 1st Quarter Review
Bring A Pencil!

3. Groups 1 and 2 Choose a score keeper Choose a group leader
You have 1 minute!

4. Where In The World Are We?
North America
Atlantic
Ocean
Pacific
South America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Africa
Indian
Ocean
Austrailia
Arctic Ocean

5. Physical Map

6. Vocabulary Q: What is a historian? A person who studies history
Q: What is an archeologist?
A person who studies the past primarily through artifacts (things left behind)
Q: What is an artifact?
A object made or used by humans, such as an arrow or a tool

7. Vocabulary (cont.) Q: What is a primary source?
A first hand account of history by someone who was actually there
Q: What is mercantilism?
an economic system (Europe in 18th C)used to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of trading and commerce

8. Chapter 1: The First Americans
Q: How did the first Americans come to this continent?
Land Bridge Theory
Q: Where did many of the first people settle? Why?
South of the Equator; because of its warm climate and food supply
Q: How did Native Americans adapt to their environment?
Lived off the land; used what that land provided around them for food, clothing, shelter and survival

9. Chapter 1: cont. Q; Who were the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas?
Mayas- Yucatan Penninsula ~ calendar, Sun God, Mathematics
Aztecs- Mexico~ “warlike people”, empire of conquest, polytheistic, Tenochtitlan
Incas-Peru ~ “sky people”, lived high in Andes Mts., Terrace farming

10. Chapter 1: cont.
Q: Why were the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas considered to be “civilized”?
They each had modern societies rich in culture and tradition, while being self- sufficient and productive.
Q: What was the main component (basis) of each First American culture?
Religion

11. How was the Iroquois Confederacy organized?
The Iroquois Confederacy, AKA the Iroquois Great Council.
Each of the 5 Iroquois nations sent between eight and fourteen leaders to the Great Council, where they agreed on political decisions through discussion and voting.
they were actually elected officials, chosen by the clan mothers (or matriarchs) of each tribe.
Each individual nation also had its own tribal council to make local decisions.
This is similar to how American states each have their own government, but all are subject to the greater US government. .

12. Why did Europeans go exploring?
Chapter 2: Exploration
Why did Europeans go exploring?

13. Gold, God, Goods and Glory!
Solution: Europeans begin to look for a route to the east to cut out the middle man (Arab merchants)
Problem: Arab merchants charge a great deal of $ + Increased demand for Asian goods =
Growth of Trade:
Merchants make $ - goods shipped to Italian ports of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa from the Middle East.
Renaissance (rebirth) – renewed interest in the classics
Increased focus on science, art, literature and architecture
Wealth gained through trade and banking = the exploration of ideas from the classical period (Ancient Greek and Roman works)
Growth of Ideas:
What is the result?

14. What navigational aids helped Europeans find new trade routes to Asia?
Technology- the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Better maps- more accurate on land and sea.
Ex. Showed direction of ocean currents, lines of latitude
Astrolabe- Measured the position of the stars to help determine latitude at sea.
Magnetic compass- a Chinese invention that allowed sailors to determine their direction when away from land.
Caravel- Portuguese created
three-masted ship; faster, carried
more cargo and food. Could float in
shallow water.

15. What pieces of land were acquired by the Spanish, French and English?

16. Europeans explorers spent over 100 years searching for a Northwest Passage through North America to Asia.
England, France, and Holland began searching for a westward route to Asia in order to compete with Spain and Portugal.

17. Why were Spanish conquistadors successful in acquiring Aztec and Inca Empires?
Native people thought the white-skinned Spanish were gods and let their guard down.
Allowed themselves to be taken over; thought it was the will of the gods.
Exposure to disease also wiped out a substantial number of Native Americans

18. How were Native Americans affected by the arrival of the Europeans?
Large numbers wiped out by disease (small pox)
Forced off their land to work on missions
Forced to give up their “pagan” religions to convert to Christianity (save souls)

19. Chapter 3: 13 English Colonies
Q: Who were the Virginia House of Burgesses?
The governing assembly in the Jamestown Colony
Q: What was the Mayflower Compact?
Written laws created by the Pilgrims to establish the Plymouth Colony
Q: Why were the House of Burgesses and the Mayflower Compact the first steps toward democracy?
Both created representative law making assemblies “of the people, by the people and for the people.”

20. Chapter 3: cont.
Q: What were some products of the New England and the Middle Colonies? (view maps in your HW packets) Q: PREDICT: Why do you think that the New England colonies will wind up having “town meetings. THINK DEMOCRACY!

21. Describe the differences between the New England, Middle and Southern Colonies.
Ways they differed:
Geography & Climate differed
Government
Economies (ways people made money)
Religions