1. American Indians

2. Paleo-Indians
Nomads
They followed their food supply such as wooly mammoths
Lived in small groups of about 50
Chipped stone to form knives and spears.
Disappeared about 10,000 years ago

3. Archaic Indians Lasted from about 10,000 years ago to 2,500 years ago.
Large animals such as mammoths died out.
Began to hunt smaller animals such as bison
Stayed in one place longer.

4. Woodland Indians
Developed about 1,000B.C. and lasted in N.C. until about 1,000A.D.
Developed the bow and arrow
Deer became the main game
They learned to grow crops

5. Woodland Indians Built permanent villages Created pottery
Buried their dead in round pits with the items that belonged to the person such as pipes and necklaces.

6. Mississippian Indians
Started about 700 A.D. along the Mississippi River
They were farmers.
They built ceremonial mounds.
They chose chiefs to lead the tribes in certain activities such as hunting and war.

7. Contributions of early American Indian cultures
Olmec - first civilization of the Americas.
Located along the Gulf of Mexico
Developed symbols to represent words and ideas.
Developed a calendar

8. Mayas Located in Guatemala Developed a symbol for zero
Developed an accurate calendar

9. Aztecs Located in Mexico
Warring people who conquered their neighbors and made them slaves.
Conquered by Hernando Cortes of Spain.

10. American Indian Society
Collective society – 70% of the world lives in a collective society. Collective societies put the need of the society above the individual.
They believe in animism. This is the belief that objects such as trees, stones, and stars have a spirit or a soul.

11. American Indian Society
Agriculture was the most important job in the Indian society.
It was considered women’s work.
American Indians believed that men and women were equal.

12. American Indian agriculture
Corn was the chief crop of the American Indians in North Carolina.
They also grew squash, pumpkins, beans, sunflowers, and peaches.

13. American Indian Families
When couples married, they moved into the home of the bride’s parents.
Women marry just after the age of puberty and boys after they prove themselves to be men through hunting and war.
Children are believed to be only related to the mother by blood

14. Cherokee Religion The Cherokees have four main gods.
Sun – This is the chief god who is responsible for day and life
Moon – Sun’s brother : responsible for rain and fertility. During the night, Indians believe that when the Sun is gone, that is when evil happens, such as death.

15. Cherokee Religion
Kanati – Voice of thunder
Long man - River

16. American Indian Law
The most important American Indian law was the Law of Retaliation.
This law allowed a person who was harmed by another person to injure that person in a similar manner.
Wars usually were not fought for property but for revenge over the killing or harming of a member of another tribe.
Neutral tribes were asked to arrange peace talks.
However, there are certain times that people may ask for forgiveness and it must be given for everything but murder.
This can take place only during the Green Corn Ceremony.

17. Tuscarora Indian Wars
The first complaint that the Tuscarora had against the colonists was trade. White traders often cheated the Indians.
The second complaint that the Tuscarora Indians had was slavery.
Tuscarora Indians were being sold as slaves in other colonies and outside of the country.

18. Tuscarora Indian Wars
The last complaint that the Tuscarora had with the colonists was that settlers were taking over their land. The settlement of New Bern by Baron Christoph von Graffenreid in 1710 was the spark that led to the Tuscarora Indian War.

19. New Bern
Baron Christoph von Graffenreid settled New Bern with a group of Swiss and German Palatines at the urging of John Lawson, surveyor general of North Carolina.

20. Baron von Graffenreid and John Lawson
Baron von Graffenreid and John Lawson were captured by the Tuscaroras because they were mistaken for Governor Hyde
Tuscarora agreed to let them go in a few days.
John Lawson began to argue with the chief and was sentenced to death.

21. Results of the War
Tuscaroras were enslaved including women and children
Tuscarora killed.
3. Opened North Carolina for settlement
4. Assembly of 1715 strengthened the weak government by revising old laws, enacting some new ones and by more clearly defining official’s duties

22. Results of the War
5. Quakers were allowed religious freedom and the right to hold offices
6. Borough towns were allowed representation in legislature
7. Ended the Indian attacks in the area
8.Helped to unify the colonists in the area.

23. Results of the War
9. The remaining Tuscarora left North Carolina for New York and became the sixth nation of the Iroquois League.