1. DBS Development Lifecycle & DB Analysis
Chapter 10 & 11 in Textbook

2. Stages of DBS Development lifecycle

3. DBS Development Lifecycle

4. DBS Development Lifecycle

5. Database Planning
Identifying how the stages can be completed in the most effective & efficient way.
During planning phase, four major activities are performed:
Review and approve the database project request.
Prioritize the database project request.
Allocate resources such as money, people and tools.
Arrange a development team to develop the database project.
DBS Development Lifecycle

6. Database Planning
Database planning should also include the development of standards that govern how data will be collected, how the format should be specified, what necessary documentation will be needed.
Two steps:
Mission Statement : Major aims for the Database Project.
Mission Objectives : Tasks that DB should support, Driven through Fact Finding techniques: interviews, questionnaire.
DBS Development Lifecycle

7. Database Planning Mission Statement
Interviewing the business director:
What is the purpose of your company?
Why do you need the DB?
How can the DB solve your problem?
DBS Development Lifecycle

8. Database Planning Mission Statement
Interviewing Burger King Director:
What is the purpose of your company?
To prepare and sell quick service food to fulfill our guest's needs in a cleaner environment than our competitors.
Why do you need the DB?
We have many branches over the world , that offers different cosines, which drive a data management problem, sharing of information between branches ( for examples : favorite meals, number of employees) which help in business decision making.
How can the DB solve your problem?
No more paperwork, automating daily tasks, corporation between branches.
DBS Development Lifecycle

9. Database Planning Mission Statement
Burger King DB project mission statement
The purpose of BK DB project is to maintain the data that is
used & generated to support the fast food business for our client and to support sharing information between branches and
in decision making.
Clearer view of the project
DBS Development Lifecycle

10. Database Planning Mission Objectives
Interviewing different staff:
Job description.
Daily tasks.
Data that they deal with.
Daily reports.
Type of things they keep track on.
Customer services.
DBS Development Lifecycle

11. Database Planning Mission Objectives
To manage (add, delete, update) data on branches.
To manage (add, delete, update) data on staff.
To manage (add, delete, update) on meals.
To manage (add, delete, update) on clients.
To perform searches on branches.
To perform searches on staff.
To perform searches on meals.
To perform searches on clients
DBS Development Lifecycle

12. DBS Development Lifecycle

13. Example: DreamHome Database System
System Definition
Identify System boundaries at a very high level, e.g.:
Current users.
Current application areas.
Example: DreamHome Database System
DBS Development Lifecycle

14. System Definition
Identify User views; Define what is required of a database application from the perspective of:
A particular job role (such as Manager or Supervisor) or
Enterprise application area (such as marketing or personnel).
Example: User Views
DBS Development Lifecycle

15. DBS Development Lifecycle

16. Requirements Collection & Analysis
Collecting and analyzing information about the part of organization to be supported by the database system, and using this information to identify users’ requirements of new system.
Identifying the required functionality for a database system is crucial, as systems with inadequate functionality will fail.
Information is gathered for each major user view including:
a description of data used or generated;
details of how data is to be used/generated;
any additional requirements for new database system.
DBS Development Lifecycle

17. Requirements Collection & Analysis
An important activity is to decide how to manage the requirements for a database system with multiple user views.
Three main approaches:
Centralized approach;
View integration approach; (we use this approach)
Combination of both approaches.
DBS Development Lifecycle

18. Requirements Collection & Analysis Centralized Approach
DBS Development Lifecycle

19. Requirements Collection & Analysis View Integration Approach
DBS Development Lifecycle

20. Requirements Collection & Analysis
Critical to capture necessary facts to build the required database application.
These facts are captured using fact-finding techniques.
When Are Fact-Finding Techniques Used?
Fact-finding used throughout database application lifecycle.
Crucial to early stages including database planning, system definition, and requirements collection and analysis stages.
DBS Development Lifecycle

21. Requirements Collection & Analysis
Fact-Finding Techniques:
Examining documentation,
Interviewing (unstructured/structured & open/closed ended questions),
Observing organization in operation,
Research,
Questionnaires (free-format and fixed-format).
DBS Development Lifecycle

22. DBS Development Lifecycle

23. Database Design
Creating a design for a database that will support the enterprise’s mission statement and mission objectives for the required database system.
Main aims:
To represent data and relationships required by users and applications.
To provide a data model which supports transactions.
To specify a design that meets performance requirements.
DBS Development Lifecycle

24. Database Design Three main phases of DB design:
Conceptual Database Design.
Create a conceptual data model Independent of any implementation details.
Logical Database Design. (What)
At this point you know which type of DBMS you will implementing in - e.g. relational, object-oriented etc (but not the actual DBMS).
Test the correctness of the data model through normalization.
Physical Database Design. (How)
Derive tables & constraints.
Identify storage structures and access methods.
Design security features.
DBS Development Lifecycle

25. DBS Development Lifecycle

26. DBMS Selection
Selection of an appropriate DBMS to support the database system.
Undertaken at any time prior to logical design.
Main steps for selecting a DBMS:
Define Terms of Reference of study;
Shortlist two or three products;
Evaluate products;
Recommend selection and produce report.
DBS Development Lifecycle

27. DBS Development Lifecycle

28. Application Design
Design of user interface and application programs that use and process the database.
Database design and application design are parallel activities.
Includes two important activities:
transaction design;
user interface design.
DBS Development Lifecycle

29. DBS Development Lifecycle

30. Prototyping
Building working model of a database system to evaluate how the final system will look and function.
Purpose:
to identify features of a system that work well, or are inadequate;
to suggest improvements or even new features;
to clarify the users’ requirements;
to evaluate feasibility of a particular system design.
DBS Development Lifecycle

31. DBS Development Lifecycle

32. Implementation
Physical realization of the database and application designs.
Create database schemas and empty database files. (DDL)
Create the application programs. (DML and JAVA or C++ ...)
DBS Development Lifecycle

33. DBS Development Lifecycle

34. Data Conversion and Loading
Transferring any existing data into new database and converting any existing applications to run on new database.
Only required when new database system is replacing an old system.
DBS Development Lifecycle

35. DBS Development Lifecycle

36. Testing
Process of running the database system with intent of finding errors.
Use carefully planned test strategies and realistic data.
Demonstrates that database and application programs appear to be working according to requirements.
DBS Development Lifecycle

37. DBS Development Lifecycle

38. Operational Maintenance
Process of monitoring and maintaining database system following installation.
Operational Maintenance Activities:
Monitoring performance of system.
Maintaining and upgrading database application.
Incorporating new requirements into DB application.
DBS Development Lifecycle