1. Emergency Scene Management
ESM
Emergency Scene Management

2. Emergency Scene Management
Is the sequence of actions you should follow at the scene of an emergency to ensure that safe and appropriate first aid is given.

3. Priority!
The order of the steps in ESM, including the priorities of first aid, may change , depending on the circumstances.

4. The ESM had four steps (usually in this order)
Scene Survey
Primary casualty survey
Secondary casualty survey
Ongoing casualty

5. Scene Survey Stop Environment Traffic Unkown Hazards Personal Barriers
Take charge of the scene
Call out for help
Assess hazards and make area safe
Find out history, number of casualties mechanism of injury.
Identify yourself as first aider and offer help

6. Primary Casualty Survey
Picks up where scene survey left off
In the primary survey you check for the priorities of first aid the ABCD’s
Airway- a clear airway
Breathing- effective breathing
Circulation- effective circulation
Deadly bleeding control

7. Even if there is more than one casualty, you should perform a primary survey on each one in turn. Give life-saving first aid only.
The primary survey should be performed on the casualty in the position he/she has been found, unless it is impossible to do so.
Unresponsive Victim:
A- open the airway
Either use the head-tilt-chin- lift
B-check for breathing
Look, listen and feel

8. C-check for circulation
Check for a carotid pulse
If pulse is absent, start CPR ( 2 breaths, 30 compressions).
Stop- find pulses. What do they tell us? How should they be?
Deformations
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling

9. Secondary Casualty survey
Rapid body survey- head to toe sweep-checking for:
bleeding, lumps, hardness, bruising, softness
-watch the face & the person’s reaction or lack of
Start from head and move down to toes
Don’t move casualty unless there is danger- never step over casualty
Should take 30 seconds or less

10. Secondary Casualty Survey
Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Previous History
Last thing consumed
Events prior

11. On Going Casualty Care
care until hand over or place them in recovery position- best position because you can see both the front and back of the victim).