1. Constructing cross-border LMA’s

2. Objectives of project
Identify issues and challenges when trying to construct cross-border LMA’s
Assess the benefits of cross-border LMA’s compared to national LMA’s
Give recommendations on how to overcome data issues in case of cross-border regions

3. Geograhical situation

4. X-border workers BE-NL-DE
Limited number of x-border workers
Number of incoming cross-border workers Be-NL-NRW, 2014, (x 1000)

5. X-border data issues: comparability
Comparability issues
Populations (self-employed)
Administrative data of 3 countries
Different communal systems

6. X-border data issues: completeness

7. Dealing with the data issues
Comparability
Similar administrative sources (social security files)
Completeness
Heuristic method applied now for imputation
More sophisticated method needed and possible using auxiliary information

8. Selecting the parameters

9. Results NL-DE border
Without x-border data With x-border data

10. Results NL-BE border
Without x-border data
With x-border data

11. Conclusions Construction of LMA’s with x-border data is feasible
X-border LMA’s are rare, but …
Including x-border data impacts on national LMA’s
Therefore relevant even from national perspective!

12. Recommendations
Using international regional codes facilitates the construction of x-border LMA’s (INSPIRE?)
Missing x-border data is important and a regularly occurring issue
Methodology should be developed for imputation using auxiliary information