1. Pre-Class Wednesday 9-11-13
List three things that make up an atom.
Hint: you can find them in chapter 4.

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table
Chapter 4

3. History of the Atom Democritus (Greek) Thomson Model (British)
Uncuttable atom
Grain of sand/salt
Thomson Model (British)
Electrons were stuck to a ball of positive charge
Rice pudding or chocolate-chip cookie dough
Rutherford Model (British)
Nucleus separate from electrons
Most of the atom’s mass at nucleus
Electrons orbit around it
Bohr Model (Danish)
Electrons orbit nucleus, much like planets orbit the Sun

4. Electron Cloud Model The electron cloud surrounds the nucleus
The electron cloud is where electrons that orbit the nucleus are most likely to be found
Not fixed orbits, but they do go around the nucleus
Each energy level or band is broken into orbitals (s, p, d, and f)

5. Structure of the Atom Proton Neutron Electron Quark Positive charge
1.67 x kg
Neutron
No charge
Same mass as proton
Electron
Negative charge
9.11 x kg
Quark
Up, down, top, bottom, strange, charm
Each has charge (+/-) and color (blue, red, green)
Structure of the Atom

6. Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are _____.
Pre-Class Thursday
Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are _____.
Electrons
Isotopes
Atoms
Quarks

7. Make A Quark Objective Procedures Questions Learn more about quarks.
Use the table to make as many particles as you can.
Name each one of them.
Remember: the total charge has to be +1, -1, or 0.
Questions
Do you think all of your particles are possible? Explain.

8. Blue: metals
Green: metalloids
Yellow: nonmetals

9. Step 1 in using the Periodic Table
Atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom.
Atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in an atom.
Mass number = atomic number + number of neutrons
Atomic weight is approximately equal to the mass number.

10. How many neutrons are in a Rhenium (Re) atom? 75 111 186 261
Pre-Class Friday

11. Isotope
An element that has the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
For example:
Carbon-12  6p+, 6no, 6e-
Carbon-14  6p+, 8no, 6e-

12. Electron Configuration
Represents the atomic structure of elements
Shows the number of electrons and their relative distance from the nucleus
Uses the Bohr Model (Planetary Model)
Orbital paths of electrons are called energy levels or energy shells
1st energy level can hold 2 electrons
2nd energy level can hold 8 electrons
3rd energy level can hold 18 electrons
4th energy level can hold 32 electrons

13. Drawing an Electron Configuration
Write Chemical Symbol.
Circle it. (defines the nucleus)
Find atomic number. (determines number of electrons)
Draw circles. (period # determines ring #)
Put 2 electrons in 1st ring, 8 in 2nd ring, etc. until atomic number is reached
Hint: Use the Periodic Table to help you.

14. Draw the Electron Configuration of:Li Ca N Ar Al He

15. Draw the electron configuration for Sulfur.
Pre-class Monday
Draw the electron configuration for Sulfur.

16. Properties of Metals Good conductors of electricity
Good conductors of heat
All but one are solid at room temperature
Malleable: can be hammered into sheets
Ductile: can be stretched out into wires
Most are shiny (reflective)

17. Alkali Metals Family 1 Softer than most metals
React rapidly, almost violently
One electron in outer shell

18. Alkaline Earth Metals Family 2 Reacts easily with other elements
Contains two electrons in outer shell
Each burns with brilliant colors (used in fireworks)

19. Transition Elements Groups 3-12
These elements are “transitioning” from groups 1 & 2 to groups 13-18
Do not react as easily as other metals
Iron Triad
Coinage metals
Lanthanides
Actinides

20. Which group or family is known as the coinage metals?
Pre-Class Tuesday
Which group or family is known as the coinage metals?

21. Properties of Nonmetals
Poor conductors of electricity
Poor conductors of heat
Gas or a brittle solid at room temperature
Not malleable
Not ductile
Dull in appearance, not shiny

22. Nonmetal-only Families
Group 17
Halogens
Has 7 electrons in outer shell
Group 18
Noble Gases
Has a full outer shell

23. Pre-Class Wednesday 9-18-13
How many neutrons does Hydrogen have?

24. Metalloids A.K.A. semiconductors
Displays characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Under certain conditions, they can conduct heat and electricity

25. Moles? A mole is a unit of measurement
Abbreviated “mol”
One mole measures x 1023 items
e.g. 1 mole of M&Ms = 6.022x1023 M&Ms
called Avogadro’s constant (number)
The atomic weight in the Periodic Table is also known as the molar mass

26. Changing your mass units
To go from mol to grams, multiply the molar mass by the number of mol
To go from grams to mol, divide the number of grams by the molar mass
To find the molar mass, divide the mass in grams by the mass in mol g
g/mol
mol

27. A chemical symbol represents the _____ of an element.
Pre-Class Thursday
A chemical symbol represents the _____ of an element.
Name
Structure
Type
Reaction

28. A Personal Periodic Table
Objective:
To make your own periodic table from everyday items.
Procedures:
In groups of three, use items found in backpacks, pockets, purses, etc. and organize them into several columns based on their similarities. Ignore duplicate items.
Questions:
Explain the system you used to group your items.
Were there any items on the list that did not fit into any of your columns?

29. Are the squares A and B the same color?
Pre-Class Friday
Are the squares A and B the same color?

30. What’s in a name? Groups of 2 or 3
Choose an element group (cannot be repeated)
Fill-in the chart on the paper
Answer the questions at the bottom

31. The table gives the abundance of some metals in the Earth’s crust.
List the metals in order from most to least abundant.
List the metals in order of price from cheapest to the most expensive.
Metal
Abundance (%)
Price ($/kg)
Aluminum
8.2
1.55
Chromium
0.01
0.06
Copper
0.006
2.44
Gold
11,666.53
Iron
5.6
0.03
Silver
154.97
Tin
0.0002
6.22
Zinc
0.007
1.29
Cost of Metal

32. Questions
If the price of metal depends on its abundance, you would expect the order to be the same on both lists in the chart. Compare the lists. How well do they match?
The order of reactivity of these metals, from most reactive to least reactive, is: aluminum, zinc, chromium, iron, tin, copper, silver, and gold. Use this information to explain any exceptions to the lists.
How much of each could you buy for $100?