1. Cardiovascular and Circulatory System
By:
Jessica Tzeng, Lily Ou, and Annie Tan

3. Cardiovascular System
Moves fluid to tissues and cells for exchange
Provides body cells with oxygen, nutrients, and filters waste
Three components:
Blood
Vessels
Heart

4. Open vs. Closed Open Circulatory System: Closed Circulatory System:
Blood goes directly to organs
Blood and lymph combine to form hemolymph and heart pumps hemolymph into sinuses (cavities)
Closed Circulatory System:
Blood is contained within vessels and pumped around the body
Blood is separate from the interstitial fluid

5. Open vs. Closed

6. Different Circulatory Paths

7. Blood vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries
Carry blood away from the heart and branch into smaller arterioles
Walls are relatively thick and include significant amount of smooth muscle
Veins
Carry blood back to heart
Valves prevent backflow
Capillaries
Microscopic vessels where diffusion occurs
Composed of endothelium (single layer of cells)

8. Heart Chambers Atria Ventricles Heart chambers that receive blood
Passes blood to ventricles
Ventricles
Receive blood from atria
Pump blood to rest of the body

9. Human Cardiovascular System
The Human Heart
Fist-sized
Two sides, with a total of 4 chambers
Upper two chambers are the atria
Receive blood from circulation
Lower two chambers are the ventricles
Pump blood away from heart

11. The Human Cardiovascular System
two major pathways:
Pulmonary Circuit
takes oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart
Systemic Circuit
takes oxygen-rich blood from the heart to tissues throughout the body
returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart through the vena cava

12. The Path of Blood Systemic Circulation: Pulmonary Circulation:
Lungs -> Pulmonary vein -> Left atrium -> Left AV valve -> Left ventricle -> aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> all the cells in the body -> go back to the heart (low on oxygen)
Pulmonary Circulation:
Right atrium -> Right AV valve -> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary semilunar valve -> Pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary vein -> Left atrium

13. Path of Blood CO2 O2 jugular vein (also subclavian vein from arms)
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CO2 O2
jugular vein
(also subclavian
vein from arms)
carotid artery
(also subclavian
artery to arms)
Path of Blood
CO2 O2 O2
CO2
lungs
pulmonary
artery
pulmonary
vein
superior
vena cava
aorta
heart
inferior
vena cava
hepatic
vein
mesenteric
arteries
liver
digestive
tract
hepatic
portal
vein
renal
artery
renal
vein
kidneys
Iliac vein
iliac
artery
CO2 O2

14. Other Terms Cardiac Cycle SA node  pacemaker of the heart AV node
Complete cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart
Contraction phase= systole
Relaxation phase= diastole
SA node  pacemaker of the heart
Sets the rate at which cardiac muscles contract
AV node
Delays the impulses from the SA note to allow atria to completely empty before the ventricles contract

15. Blood Components Plasma  mostly water
Transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and hormones
Includes:
Platelets responsible for blood clotting
White blood cells Part of the immune system
Red Blood Cells transport oxygen via hemoglobin
Biconcave disks  increases surface area
Lack nuclei  increases space for hemoglobin
Lacks mitochondria  oxygen carried isn’t consumed

16. Blood Types Four blood groups: Wrong blood can be fatal
A, B, AB, and O
Wrong blood can be fatal
Red blood cells will clump if exposed to wrong blood type; blood contains antibodies that bind and destroy foreign blood
O is universal donor
AB is universal recipient