1. Respiration What to know
Differences between fermentation and respiration
Role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate
Process that brings pyruvate from cytosol to mitochondria into citric acid cycle
How chemiosmosis utilizes e’s from NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP

2. Respiration and Fermentation are Catabolic Pathways
Release energy by oxidizing organic fuels
Catabolic Pathways: occur when molecules are broken down and energy is released
Two types are…
Fermentation: partial degredation of sugars w/o O2
Cellular Respiration:
Most efficient
O2 and organic fuel consumed
Aka aeorbic respiration
Purpose is to recharge ATP

3. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria
Figure 9.2
Light energy
ECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesis in chloroplasts
 O2
Organic molecules
CO2  H2O
Cellular respiration in mitochondria
Figure 9.2 Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems.
ATP powers most cellular work
ATP
Heat energy

4. Respiration Overview

5. Cellular Respiration Reactants Standard equation Carbs, fats, proteins
Glucose is most common
Standard equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
(686kcal/mole glucose)
Energy used to make ATP from ADP
This is an oxidation reduction reaction

6. Cellular Respiration Three main phases Glycolysis Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation and e- transport chain

7. Electrons carried via NADH Substrate-level phosphorylation
Figure 9.6-1
Electrons carried via NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvate
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRION
Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration.
ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation

8. Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2
Figure 9.6-2
Electrons carried via NADH
Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2
Pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRION
Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration.
ATP
ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation

9. Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2
Figure 9.6-3
Electrons carried via NADH
Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2
Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
Pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRION
Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration.
ATP
ATP
ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation

10. Oxidation & Reduction Oxidized = loss of electrons
Reduced = gain of electrons
LEO goes GER
Major concept is electrons striped from glucose
2 electrons hitch a ride on NAD+ along with H+
Is NAD+ oxidized or reduced when it gains electrons?

11. becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes reduced (gains electron)
Figure 9.UN01
becomes oxidized (loses electron)
becomes reduced (gains electron)
Figure 9.UN01 In-text figure, p. 164

12. Oxidation Reduction

14. becomes oxidized becomes reduced
Figure 9.UN03
becomes oxidized
becomes reduced
Figure 9.UN03 In-text figure, p. 165

15. Glycolysis Harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate
Occurs in cytosol
One glucose = 2 pyruvate
2 phases
Investment phase
Payoff phase

17. Glycolysis ATP Consuming Phase
2 ATPs consumed destabolize glucose
Glucose now more reactive
Later 4 ATPs are produced for net gain of 2
2 NADH’s also produced
Destined for electron transport system
2 pyruvate molecules produced
Retain most of the potential energy

18. Glycolysis to Citric Acid Cycle

19. Glycolysis to Citric Acid Cycle
Note…
Pyruvate enters mito matrix via transport protein
CO2 enzymatically removed
e- removed
Coenzyme A added, makes acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle

20. The Citric Acid Cycle

21. Citric Acid Cycle Glucose broken down CO2 released
Takes 2 turns of cycle to break down a glucose
ONE turn of citric acid cycle results in…
2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
Now all carbons from glucose released in CO2
Energy resides in electrons headed for electron transport chain