1. Rocks(MT 3)
Rocks and Minerals
LT 1

2. Why do we study Rocks??
On your paper, write down why you think we study rocks?

3. Why do we study Rocks??
We study Rocks because…

4. What are the building blocks of Rocks??

5. What is a Rock?
Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally on Earth
In other words
clumps of minerals and other solid matter that are found naturally on Earth (not man made)

6. What are the building blocks of Rocks??
Minerals!!

7. What is a Mineral & how do they look?
Combinations of elements or molecules held together in crystal shapes and structures.
What is a crystal shape or structure?
Atoms or ions are arranged in an orderly or repetitive manner

8. Examples of Crystal Structures
NaCl
Silica

9. Which common elements form Minerals?
Most minerals are made of the following types of elements
oxygen, silicon, iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium.
What is a Native Mineral?
Minerals composed of only 1 type of element
Examples: Gold & Diamonds

10. What is the Process of Forming a Mineral?
Atom
Element
1. Atom
2. Atoms combine to form Elements
3. Different elements or many of the same elements form a Mineral
Mineral

11. How big are the crystals in a mineral?
It all depends on their cooling rate!
Small Crystals
Magma cools fast
Large Crystals
Magma cools slow
Heavy Crystals
Sink deep under the surface of the Earth
Light weight Crystals
Found closer to the surface of the Earth

12. How can we identify minerals?
The following characteristics help identify minerals
Shape
Luster – how shiny or dull it is

13. How can we identify minerals?
The following characteristics help identify minerals
Color
Streak – test a piece of mineral on porcelain, if a color is left behind, it indicates the type of mineral it is

14. How can we identify minerals?
The following characteristics help identify minerals
Hardness – test to see if it can be scratched (called Mohs Scale of Hardness)
Breakage
Cleavage - breaks smooth when cracked
Fracture - breaks jagged when cracked

15. How can we identify minerals?
The following characteristics help identify minerals
Density - how tightly packed the molecules of the mineral are arranged by using a microscope
Rare characteristics -taste, study if it’s magnetic or not, acid solubility tests, etc.

16. Review: What is a Rock?
A solid mixture of minerals

17. What are the different types of rocks?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

18. How can we differentiate between the 3 types of Rocks?
Differences are a result of how Each type FORMS!

19. But first, What provides the energy to create the rocks??

20. What provides the ENERGY for the Rock Cycle?
Earth’s Interior – Internal Heat
Metamorphic Rock
Igneous Rock
Sun & Surface Processes
Sedimentary Rocks
Earth’s Interior
Sun

21. What is an Igneous Rock?
A rock that is formed from magma or lava (molten rock) that has cooled and solidified
Quick Vocab
Lava – molten rock above Earth’s Surface
Magma – molten rock beneath Earth’s surface
Video: 45s – 3:20

22. What are the 2 types of Igneous Rock?
Intrusive
form inside Earth’s surface
Cool Slowly
Large Crystals
Coarse Grained (rough)
Extrusive
Form outside Earth’s surface
Cool quickly
Small Crystals
Fine grained (smooth)

23. What are examples of Igneous Rocks?
Intrusive Igneous Rock: Granite
Extrusive Igneous Rock: Basalt

24. What is a Sedimentary Rock?
Rock that is formed from the following processes:
Weather on the Earth’s surface gradually breaks rock into pieces called Sediments
Through Erosion, sediments are carried to oceans, lakes, and rivers, where they are buried or deposited

25. What is a Sedimentary Rock?
Sediments are then either compacted or cemented together
compaction: sediments ‘stick’ together from pressure of upper layers of Earth
cementation: pressure and water ‘cement’ layers of sediment together

26. What is a Sedimentary Rock?

27. What are examples of Sedimentary Rocks?
Limestone
Sandstone

28. What is a Metamorphic Rock?
Rock that is formed from when it is exposed to high heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface

29. What are the 2 types of Metamorphic Rock?
Foliated – have visible lines
Non-foliated – no visible lines
Foliated
Non-foliated

30. What is the Rock Cycle?
Continual processes that causes rocks to change from one type to another
Rocks move and change due to interactions among water, air, and land on Earth
As they do this, they spread minerals and solids over the Earth’s crust

31. Task: Explain how each rock moves between each stage…
Task: Explain how each rock moves between each stage…. (explain the arrows.)
Magma
Igneous Rock
Sediments
Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic Rock