1. Classification of Matter
Chapter 2
Section 2.3

2. Substance
A sample of matter having a constant (uniform or definite) composition. It can be either an element or a compound.
There are two types of substance; elements and compounds

3. Substances
Elements – a substance that contains only one type of atom. Cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Examples: hydrogen, carbon, silver
Compounds – a substance that is composed of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together.
Examples: water, carbon dioxide, ammonia

4. Mixtures
Mixtures – two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are physically combined.
Have the same chemical and physical properties as their individual components
Can be separated by physical methods

5. Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous – a type of mixture that is completely uniform (constant) in composition. Also known as solutions.
Heterogeneous –
Examples: Iced tea, coffee, vanilla ice cream

6. Types of Mixtures Homogeneous –
Heterogeneous – a type of mixture that is NOT uniform (constant) in composition. If two samples are taken from the mixture, they will have different compositions.
Examples: Tossed salad, Chex mix, chocolate chip ice cream

7. Matter Substance – a sample Mixture – two or more of matter having a
constant (uniform or
definite) composition.
It can be either an
element or a compound.
Mixture – two or more
substances that are
physically combined. The
mixture still has the
properties of its
components.
Element – contains only
one type of atom
Compound – contains two or more elements that are bonded together
Homogeneous –
constant (uniform)
composition. Solution.
Heterogeneous –
not evenly distributed.
Different substances
scattered throughout.

8. Separation Techniques
Filtration – used to separate solids from liquids, or solids from other solids.

9. Separation Techniques
Distillation – used to separate two or more liquids taking advantage of differences in boiling points.

10. Separation Techniques
Chromatography – used to separate substances with different masses that dissolve in a common solvent.

11. Separation Techniques
Electrolysis – used to break compounds apart into elements, or to separate ions using electrical charge.

12. Nuts & Bolts Exercise