1. Structures and their functions
Cell Biology
Structures and their functions

2. Cell Theory All life is made of cells
Cells are the functional unit of organisms
Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic
Contain a nucleus (and other organelles)

3. Plant cells, Animal cells
Unique: Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Unique: centrioles

4. Cell membrane Outer boundary of all cells
Made of a double layer of phospholipid molecules with imbedded proteins
Separates cell contents from outer environment
Membrane performs important functions for cell

5. Cell wall Plant cell structure Primary cell wall Secondary cell walls
Outside cell membrane
Functions:
Protection
Support
Primary cell wall
Made of cellulose
Secondary cell walls
Between primary cell wall & cell membrane
Made of lignin (very strong material)

6. Nucleus Prominent organelle Contains genetic information on chromatin
Threadlike strands that condense into chromosomes for cell division
Nucleolus is region that produces ribosomal RNA

7. Nuclear envelope Membrane that separates nucleus from cytoplasm
Functions:
Maintain nucleus shape
Chromatin attachment sites
“gatekeeper” of nucleus
Only some materials can pass in/out
Nuclear pores
Allow passage of large molecules
Ribosome subunits
proteins