1. Chapter 12.4: The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response
Global Studies I

2. Key Terms
predestination belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will not be saved
annul declare a marriage invalid

3. Spread of Protestantism
The Zwinglian Reformation
Led by Ulrich Zwingli
All paintings, decorations, and relics were removed from the churches in Zürich, Switzerland
New church service consisting of scripture reading, prayer, and sermons replaced Catholic mass

4. Spread of Protestantism
Calvinism
Led by John Calvin
predestination
Church government used both clergy and laity
A court, called the Consistory, was set up to oversee the moral life and religious doctrines of the people of Geneva, France

5. Spread of Protestantism
Anglican Reformation
Henry VIII asked Parliament to separate the Church in England from the pope in Rome.
Act of Supremacy made the king the head of the Church of England
Henry closed monasteries and sold their land and possessions

6. Spread of Protestantism
The Anabaptists
Belief in adult baptism
Believed all Christians were priests and equal
Each church chose its own minister, and any member of the community was eligible
Believed in complete separation of church and state
Would not hold political office or bear arms

7. The Reformation in England
“Bloody Mary” (Mary Tudor)
Wanted to restore England to Catholicism
More than 300 Protestants burned at the stake
England became even more Protestant
English Protestants later came to America in search of religious freedom

8. Spread of Protestantism
Effects on the Role of Women
Protestants did away with monasticism and the requirement of celibacy of the clergy
Marriage and family were emphasized
Women were still subordinate to men
Women were expected to bear children and obey their husband

9. The Catholic Reformation
The Jesuits
Also known as the Society of Jesus
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Vow of absolute obedience to the pope
Used education to spread their message

10. The Catholic Reformation
Reform of the papacy
Pope Paul III
Reform Commission in 1537 blamed Catholic Church’s problems on the corruption of the popes

11. The Catholic Reformation
Council of Trent
1545, made up of church leaders and theologians
Met on and off for 18 years
Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings
Selling indulgences was forbidden