1. Chapter 1: How are computers organized?

2. Software, data, & processing ?
A computers has no insight or intuition
It must be told what to do -- by instructions
A program: a sequence of instructions
Data: user data and application data
User data: data entered by a user
The text of a report you entered
Application data: supplied by a program
Initial font, spacing between lines, etc in MS WORD

3. Software, data, & processing ?
a computer follows programs in working with data
Computer application:
a program and its application data
Software
Programs, in old days
Computer applications, now

4. How do computers work?
We find out over the whole semester.

5. Main components in a machine?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Direct all operations in the computer
Synonyms: the brain, processors, microprocessors
Main memory or memory
Holds the data and instructions during processing
Synonyms: Random Access Memory (RAM)
Input/output (I/O) devices
Allow the CPU to interact with users
Keyboards, monitors, printers, disks, etc.

6. Main components in a machine?
Network
System Unit
Input
CPU
Output
Memory
Disk

7. How are components connected?
Integrated circuits – chips
CPU, memory, etc
Buses
Electrical passage between chips
Motherboard
Circuit board hosting all the components
Cards:
Circuit boards for I/O devices
Network card, video card, modem, etc.

8. How are components connected?
Bus
Monitor
Keyboard
Disk
CPU
RAM

9. What does the “brain” look like?
adapter cards
processor chip
memory chips
memory slots
Expansion slots for adapter cards
motherboard

10. What the components look like?

11. What is a “virtual machines”?
A work environment for a specific task
An interface
A collection of capabilities
A way of thinking about the task
Examples
MS word
Internet Explore

12. Summary – chapter 1 Hardware components Software and Information
CPU, memory, I/O devices
Connected together by buses
Circuits combined in chips
Chips placed on cards/board
Software and Information
Instructions: tell the computer what to do
Application data: used by programs
User data: processed by programs

13. Terminology Hardware Software CPU Main memory I/O devices Cache memory
Bus
Chip and casing
Card
Expansion slots
Instructions
Programs
Computer applications
Latency
Processing
Data