1. April 9, 2018
God loves each of us as if there were only one of us”- Augustine
“ “Remember who you are. Don’t compromise for anyone, for any reason. You are a child of the Almighty God. Live that truth.” –Lysa Terkeurst
“If you can’t fly, then run, If you can’t run, then walk, If you can’t walk, then crawl, but whatever you do, you have to keep moving forward.” –Martin Luther King Jr.
"If God is your partner, make your plans BIG!" –D.L. Moody
Remember that I’ll be praying for you today.
You  Are  Priceless.

2. Chapter 10 – The Periodic Table
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

4. 5.1 Organizing the Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev – 1860s
Russian chemist and teacher
Used the game of solitaire as a model
Made a “deck of cards” of the elements listing the elements name, mass and properties
Arranged the elements into rows of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column

5. Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of elements that had not yet been discovered. This showed how useful the periodic table could be.
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6. The Modern Periodic Table
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (# of Protons.)
Periods – horizontal rows; elements in the same period have the same number of energy levels.
Groups– vertical columns
Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

7. LABEL
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8. LABEL
1-18
A GROUP
B GROUP

9. Valence electrons – electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

10. Classes of Elements
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

11. Give Electrons, Form Positive Ions (cations)
Metals-
Give Electrons, Form Positive Ions (cations)
Majority of elements are metals
Left side of periodic table
Conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable, Ductile and have Luster
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12. Take Electrons, form negative Ions
Nonmetals-
Take Electrons, form negative Ions
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Low boiling points (many are gases at room temp.)
Solids tend to be brittle
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13. Metalloids (semiconductors)
Properties that fall in between metals and nonmetals
Elements properties become less metallic and more nonmetallic as you move from left to right across a period.

14. PATTERNS
Ionization energy: the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom.

15. Groups 1 and 2 Group 2A or 2 2 valence electrons
The Alkali Metals
Group 1A
1 valence e-
So reactive they are only found in nature as
compounds
Reactivity increases from top to bottom of group
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2A or 2
2 valence electrons
Very reactive; but less
reactive than Group 1A
Differences In the way
they react with water

16. Groups 3-12 Transition Metals
Also known as 1B-8B
Act less quickly with oxygen
Make good building materials often.
Include the Lanthanide and Actinide series that belong in group 3, period 6 and 7.
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17. Most compound in the body contain carbon Group 14 or 4A
3 valence e-
Contains 1 metalloid and 4 metals
Al-most abundant metal in earth’s crust
4 valence e-
Contains 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals
Most compound in the body contain carbon
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Group 14 or 4A
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

18. Oxygen-the most abundant ELEMENT in the human body Group 15 or 5A
6 valence e-
3 nonmetals, 2 metalloids
Oxygen-the most abundant ELEMENT in the human body
Group 15 or 5A
5 valence e-
2 metalloids, 1 metal, 2 nonmetals
N and P are found in fertilizers
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19. Group 17 or 7A Halogen Family 7 valence e-, takers!
Highly reactive nonmetals
Reactivity decreases from top to bottom of group (Just the opposite of Group 1 or IA)
Fluorine – most reactive halogen

20. Noble Gas Family Group 18 or 8A
Don’t form ions
8 valence e-
All nonmetals
Colorless, odorless gases
Nonreactive (inert)

21. Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms
Most common elements in living things are:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight.

22. Noble Gas Family Group 18 or 8A
Don’t form ions
8 valence e-
All nonmetals
Colorless, odorless gases
Nonreactive (inert)
All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon.

23. Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds
Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds with another atom. It can bond to other carbon molecules forming double, triple, or quadruple bonds.
Organic compounds also contain hydrogen. Since hydrogen has only one electron, it can form only single bonds.
BONDS

24. Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
4 basic Molecules
Each small organic molecule can be a unit of a large organic molecule called a macromolecule.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P).