1. P O P U L A T I O N I N T E R A C T I O N
animalsversesanimals.yuku.com

2. P r e d a t i o n

3. H e r b i v o r y Consumption of plant materials by animals
Drives adaptions in both the Herbivore and Plants
Plants have evolved defenses (Thorns and Chemicals)
Scientist identified thousands of Chemical Defenses
(Nicotine & Cocaine)
Herbivores have evolved as well (Butterflies & Mammalians)
Herbivores are animals adapted to eat plants
To maximize nutrient intake, many herbivores have evolved adaptations that allow them to determine which plants contain fewer defensive compounds and more high-quality nutrients. Some insects, such as butterflies, have chemical sensors on their feet that allow them to taste the plant before they consume any part of it. Mammalian herbivores often use their keen sense of smell to detect bitter compounds, and they preferentially eat younger leaves that contain fewer chemicals.

5. P a r a s i t i s m Parasites consume nutrients from other Organisms
Effect to the Host (Decreasing of its Fitness & Diseases (referred as Host))
Endoparasites (Inside the body)
Examples :(Flukes, Tapeworms, Fungi, Bacteria, and Protozoa)
Ectoparasites (Outside the body)
Examples : (Ticks and Lice, Plants, Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi)
Do not kill their hosts
Parasitoids : Draws the line between Parasitism & Predation
(Several species of wasps)
When the parasite causes diseas they are refered to as

6. freepngimages.com

7. M u t u a l i s m

8. 3 Types of Mutualism Trophic Mutualism
Interaction where both species receive benefit of resources
Requires both nutrients and energy to survive
Example : ( Plant provides energy with photosynthesis, Partner then provides the plant with increased access to nutrients)

9. 3 Types of Mutualism Defensive Mutualism
Interaction where one species receives food & Shelter.
The partner then gets protected from its Predators or Parasites
The Prey involved benefits from predators avoiding them.
Example : (Pseudomyrmex ants & Acacia shrubs)

10. 3 Types of Mutualism Dispersive Mutualism
Interaction where A species receives food from moving the pollen or seeds of it’s partner
Seede Dispersers benefit from energy and nutrients found in fruits
Example : (Insects, Birds, and Mammals, who are involved in pollination and seed dispersal)

11. C o m m e n s a l i s m

12. 4 Basic Types of Commensalism
Chemical – Most often associated with but not always
(One bacterium metabolizes a chemical not useful to the second)
Inquilinism - Use of a second species as a platform or cavity
(Attachment of barnacles to other marine creatures is a prominent example)
Metabiosis – circumstance where one species creates a useful habitat feature for a second species. (reuse of holes made in saguaro cactus by many different birds and mammals)
Phoresy – Attaches for temporary transport (attachment of burs or seeds, plants to (chiefly) furry land animals for the purpose of seed dispersal)
Example :(Epiphytes, Anemones and clownfish, Barnacles, Bacteria )
Most often associated with ,two bacterial species, such that one bacterium metabolizes a chemical not useful to the second, produces product waste metabolite useful to energy source

13. en.wikipedia.org

15. S y m b i o s i s
fortcapitalresources.com

16. S y m b i o s i s Literally means ‘Living together’
But when the term is used in biology it means a close, long-term interaction between two different species
Some examples of the many different types of Symbiotic Relationships (Mutualism, Parasitism, Commensalism & Amensalism)

17. C o m p e t i t i o n

18. C o m p e t i t i o n Between Species
Give the examples

20. en.wikipedia.org

21. uldissprogis.com

23. _orig

24. Does nature favor competition
en.wikipedia.org

25. hqdefault

26. What is resource specialization and how does it relate to competition?
en.wikipedia.org

27. Examples on Population Interaction
Examples on Population Interaction? And how does this relate it to our daily lives?
en.wikipedia.org

28. R E F E R E N C E S