1. The Cell

2. Principles of Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
Smallest living unit is the cell
All cells arise from preexisting cells

3. Cells are the smallest functioning unit of life
Cells are the smallest functioning unit of life. All organisms are made of at least one cell.
(This means cells are alive! They reproduce, respond to stimuli, require energy, etc.)

4. Specialized cells
combine to form tissues
which combine to form organs (organs combine to form organ systems)

5. The Cell is the Basic Unit of Life
Cell  An individual unit of life.
Tissue  A group of specialized cells.
Organ  A group of tissues that perform a special function.

6. Representative Animal Cell

7. Representative Plant Cell

8. Cell Membrane Contains cell contents
Double layer of phospholipids & proteins

9. Cell Walls Found in plants, fungi, & many protists
Surrounds plasma membrane

10. Cytoplasm Viscous fluid containing organelles components of cytoplasm
Interconnected filaments & fibers
Fluid = cytosol
Organelles (not nucleus)
storage substances

11. Nucleus Control center of cell Double membrane Contains Chromosomes
Nucleolus

12. DNA Hereditary material Chromosomes Chromatin DNA Protiens
Form for cell division
Chromatin

13. Nucleolus Most cells have 2 or more Directs synthesis of RNA
Forms ribosomes

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Helps move substances within cells
Network of interconnected membranes
Two types
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

15. Golgi Apparatus Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall
Packaging & shipping station of cell

16. Golgi Apparatus Function
1. Molecules come in vesicles
2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane
3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi

17. Golgi Apparatus Function (Continued)
4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle
5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus
6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents

19. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Functions Aid in cell renewal
Break down old cell parts
Digests invaders

20. Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs
More common in plants than animals
Contents
Water
Food
wastes

21. Mitochondria Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration)
Glucose
Fatty acids
Release energy
ATP

22. Chloroplasts Derived form photosynthetic bacteria
Solar energy capturing organelle

23. Animal Cells

24. Plant cells

25. Key differences Plant cells contain: Cell walls (rigid, for structure)
Chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)

26. End Chapter 5