2. Polysaccharides
Cellulose: the major structural component of plants, especially wood and plant fibers
a linear polymer of approximately 2800 D-glucose units per molecule joined by b-1,4-glycosidic bonds
fully extended conformation with alternating 180° flips of glucose units
extensive intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between chains

3. Cellulose is important source of energy for animals
And it is very important for our digestive system .
It contains glucose but different in linkage beta (1-4)

4. Cellulose also decrease absorption of lipids (fat) and cholesterol , so it decrease cancer risk , because cancer increase by increasing fat and consumption of protein
decrease cholesterol , decrease artery thersosis , decrease cardiovascular disease , weight decrease
Cellulose is digestive by animals because they have cellulase enzyme in bacteria which located in their digestive system

5. Carbohydrates – Complex (Polysaccharides) Cellulose = polysaccharide
Cellulose fibers
Cellulose = polysaccharide
found in plant
cell walls
Macrofibril
Microfibril
Chains of
cellulose

6. Starch
A polymers of a-D-glucose units and used for energy storage in plants, 2 forms
amylose: continuous, helical unbranched chains of up to 4000 a-D-glucose units joined by -1,4-glycosidic bonds
amylopectin: a highly branched helical polymer consisting of units of D-glucose joined by
_1,4-glycosidic bonds and branches created by
-1,6-glycosidic bonds
amylases catalyze hydrolysis of -1,4-glycosidic bonds
debranching enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of

7. Amylase found in saliva
And there are two type:-
Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase .
both are the same but pancreatic amylase continue to digest what salivary amylase that begin to digest it .

8. Starch

9. Polysaccharides Branching in amylopectin and glycogen
The difference between amylopectin and glycogen is no. of branches
Glycogen every 10
Amylopectin every 25

10. Glycogen is the energy storage of glucose in animals , and we find it in muscles and liver .
It is highly branched and globular .
It is highly branched to decrease the storage space , and it is easy to dissociated and to synthesis.
Our body use the storage of glycogen when we do exercise ( in muscles ) or fasting
(in liver) .
In case of hypocalcemia? When blood sugar level decrease the glycogen will give blood to body to rest of body .
*Blood glucose necessary for brain

14. Cellulose, chitin and starch are all called homopolysaccharides

15. Polysaccharides
Chitin: the major structural component of the exoskeletons of invertebrates, such as insects and crustaceans; also occurs in cell walls of algae, fungi, and yeasts
composed of units of N-acetyl--D-glucosamine joined by -1,4-glycosidic bonds

16. Polysaccharides
Bacterial cell walls: prokaryotic cell walls are constructed on the framework of the repeating unit NAM-NAG joined by b-1,4-glycosidic bonds

17. Bacterial Cell Walls The N-acetyl-D-glucoseamine and
N-acetylmuramic acid polysaccharide is in turn cross-linked by small peptides
in Staphylococcus aureus, the cross link is a tetrapeptide
this tetrapeptide is unusual in that it contains two amino acids of the D-series, namely D-Ala and D-Gln
each tetrapeptide is cross linked to an adjacent tetrapeptide by a pentapeptide of five glycine units
Peptidoglycan: is the resulted cross linking of polysaccharides by peptides

18. Bacterial Cell Walls

19. Bacterial Cell Walls The peptidoglycan of a bacterial cell wall
Staphylococcus
aureus

20. End