1. Europe
Unit 4

2. Ch. 11 The Physical Geography of Europe

3. Seas, Peninsulas & Islands
Struggles with the Sea
Most of Europe lies within 300 mi of the coast
25% of the Netherlands lies below sea level
Northern Peninsulas
Mountainous Scandinavian Peninsula
Glacial lakes
Glacier carved fjords
Jutland
Denmark

5. Southern Peninsulas Europe’s Islands Iberian Peninsula
Apennine Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula
Europe’s Islands
Iceland
The British Isles
Mediterranean Islands
Sicily
Corsica
Sardinia
Cyprus
Crete

7. Mountains & Plains Mountain Regions Plains Regions
Northwestern Mountains-old/eroded
Alps-young/jagged
Carpathians-run through E. Europe
Plains Regions
North European Plain
SE England to Western France on to Russia
Great Hungarian Plain
Hungary to Croatia, Serbia & Romania

9. Water Systems Rivers flow from inland mountains to the coasts
Canals aid transportation
Scandinavian rivers are short and swift
Important Rivers
Thames-England
Rhine-France, Germany, & the Netherlands
Danube-Germany (E. Europe’s major river)
Main Danube Canal

11. Natural Resources Abundant supply of coal & iron
Helped to aid the start of the industrial revolution
Europeans use peat for fuel where coal is scarce
Nuclear Energy is very popular
Hydroelectric power where rivers are available

12. Water & Land
European climates vary according to distances from the sea.
Vegetation varies according to the climate

15. Western Europe Trees & Highlands Ireland’s Forests Abundant forest
Mixed forests in most of the region
Conifers is colder regions
The Alps have a highland climate & more precip. than in lowland areas
Ireland’s Forests
Most of Europe was originally forests
Deforestation during the industrial revolution
Ireland’s gov’t started a program to reforest former woodland areas

17. Southern Europe Most of S. Europe has a Mediterranean climate
Warm dry summers, cool moist winters
Alps block most of the moist Atlantic wins
The mistral blows bitter cold winds into s. France
Siroccos are high dry winds from N. Africa

19. Eastern & Northern Europe
Eastern & Northern Europe have humid continental climate
Warm ocean currents have less influences on climates in areas further from the ocean
Weather further away from the ocean is more diverse
Grasslands cover much of E. Europe
Forests are mixed
Far northern parts of Scandinavia feature sub artic and tundra climates
Soil is always frozen
Only hardiest vegetation survives

21. The End!