1. Module 1: What is Psychology?
Week 1
Gita Soerjoatmodjo – GIT

2. Psychology Psyche: soul Logos: word Greek
The late 1800s: focus on the philosophy of mind
The early 1900s : focus on the mind
Around 1920: focus on the behavior
Psychology: the systematic study of behavior and experience

3. General Points About Psychology
It Depends
The key is to know what it depends on
Accurate Measurement is Key
Confidence in the Conclusion Depends on the Strength of the Research

4. Major Philosophical Issues in Psychology
Free Will vs. Determinism
Free Will
Determinism
The Mind-Brain Problems
Monism
Dualism
The Nature-Nurture Issues
Nature
Nurture

5. What Psychologist Do? (1)
Service Providers to Individuals
Clinical psychologists
Psychiatrists
Psychoanalysts
Clinical social workers
Counseling psychologists
Forensic psychologists
Service Providers to Organizations
Industrial/Organizatio nal Psychologist
Human Factors Specialists

6. What Psychologist Do? (2)
School Psychology
Psychologists in Teaching and Research
Developmental Psychologists
Learning and Motivation
Cognitive Psychologists
Bio-psychologists
Evolutionary psychologists
Social psychologists
Cross-cultural psychologists

7. The Early Era Wilhelm Wundt Edward Titchener William James
1987, Leipzig, Germany, the 1st laboratory intended exclusively for psychological research
Introspection
Edward Titchener
Structuralism
William James
Functionalism: How people produce useful behaviors
Studying Sensation
Psychophysical function
Darwin and the Study of Animal Intelligence
Comparative psychology
Measuring Human Intelligence

8. The Rise of Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Studies of Learning

9. From Freud to Modern Clinical Psychology
Freud: Psychotherapy
Recent Trends:
Basic research
Applied research
Neuroscience
Evolutionary psychology
Positive psychology
Health psychology
Sport psychology

10. Module 2: Evaluating Evidence & Thinking Critically

11. Explanation Good explanations requires good research
Scientific methods
Problems
Sampling
Ethics

12. Gathering Evidence Science: knowledge (Latin)
A search for knowledge based on carefully observed, replicable data
Hypothesis: a clear predictive statement
Method
Result
Interpretation

13. Replicability Replicable results Meta-analysis
Those that anyone can obtain, at least approximately, by following the same procedure
Meta-analysis
Combining the results of many studies and analyzes them as though they were all one huge study

14. Evaluating Scientific Theories
Theory
An explanation or model that fits many observations and makes accurate predictions
Falsifiable
Burden of proof
Parsimony

15. Conducting Psychological Research
General Principles
Operational Definitions
Operations / Procedures
Numerical values
Population Samples
Convenience sample
Representative sample
Random sample
Cross-cultural sample

16. Observational Research Designs
Naturalistic observations
Case Histories
Surveys
Sampling
The wording of the question
Surveyor Bias
Correlational Studies
Correlational coefficient
Illusory correlation
Correlation ≠ Causation

17. Experiments Independent variables (IV) Dependent variables (DV)
Experimental group
Control group
Random assignment

18. Reducing the Influence of Expectation
Experimenter Bias and Blind Studies
Experimenter bias
Blind observer
Single-blind study
Double-blind study
Demand characteristics

19. Ethical Considerations in Research
With Humans
Informed Consent
With Nonhumans