1. Today’s Agenda: Ethics Cont. Methods HW: Read 1.7-1.9 Deception
IB Psych 9/19/17
DUE:
Nothing
Take out :
Notes/Paper
Note-taking devices
Today’s Learning Objectives:
I can identify and explain different sampling methods and the use of experiments.
Today’s Agenda:
Ethics Cont.
Deception
Methods
HW:
Read

2. Special Issue: Deception
Is Deception Permissible?
Yes??? Ok, when and how?
No??? Ok, why not?

3. Is Deception Permissible?
Would there be an impact if researchers tried to conduct a similar study without any form of deception?

4. APA on Deception
a) Psychologists do not conduct a study involving deception unless they have determined that the use of deceptive techniques is justified by the study's significant prospective scientific, educational, or applied value and that effective non-deceptive alternative procedures are not feasible.
(b) Psychologists do not deceive prospective participants about research that is reasonably expected to cause physical pain or severe emotional distress.
(c) Psychologists explain any deception that is an integral feature of the design and conduct of an experiment to participants as early as is feasible, preferably at the conclusion of their participation, but no later than at the conclusion of the data collection, and permit participants to withdraw their data.

5. When is Deception Permissible?
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), it is permissible to use deception under these conditions:
The research is important
There are no alternatives
There is no foreseeable harm to participants
Sometimes deception is the only way to investigate important questions.

6. Categories of Studies Method Description Advantages Disadvantages
Descriptive
Measures one or more variables as they already exist in a sample of individuals
Can study large numbers of people to create precise estimates (survey); can study a behavior in a “real life” setting when little is known about it (naturalistic observation or case study)
Cannot study the relationships among variables or determine anything about causation
Correlational
Measure two or more variables as they already exist in a sample to determine if the variables are somehow related
Can study problems that cannot be addressed in other ways (e.g. is child abuse related to psychological problems in adulthood?)
Cannot explain a relationship between variables even if one is found because “correlation does not equal causation”
Experimental (True Experiment)
Manipulate one or more independent variables to determine if this manipulation has an effect on one or more dependent variables
The only method that can truly determine causation
May sometimes suffer from problems of external validity (or for that matter internal validity)

7. Experiment Terms… Sampling Demand Characteristics
Hawthorne Effect (positive subject tendency)
“Screw you effect” (negative subject tendency) IV DV
Confounding
Conditions
Control Group
Experimental Group
Blind (participants & IV)
Double-Blind (both participants and experimenters & IV)
Operational Definition