1. THE PARTS OF SPEECH
Created by Cindy Leibel 2015.

2. NOUNS

3. Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Person: Joe my friend
teachers
the swimmer

4. Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Place: COTR Canada
Cranbrook
a park

5. Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Thing: your desk
volcanos
cars
elephants

6. Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Idea: love work
studying
exercise

7. PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS

8. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
A proper noun is a noun that has a NAME.
All proper nouns start with a capital (BIG) letter.
John is sitting by Jamie.
Cranbrook is in British Columbia.

9. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
A common noun is a noun that IS NOT PROPER.
Usually, common nouns start with small letters.
That boy is sitting by that girl.
This city is in a province.

10. GENERAL NOUNS

11. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
A general noun is a noun that is a big group of things.
You aren’t talking about something specific. You are talking about many things in many places.
I like cars.
(Many cars in many places).
People should drive less.
(Many people in many places)

12. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
You have to remember that general nouns will be used in the PLURAL and NO ARTICLE!
If you don’t, people think you are talking about specific ones!
I like cars.
(Many cars in many places).
I like the cars.
“Which cars?”
“What cars are you talking about?”

13. COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS

14. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
A count noun is a noun that you can count.
Almost all nouns are count nouns.
We put an “s” at the end of plural count nouns.
How many cakes do you have?
She gave us many books.

15. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
A non-count noun is a noun that you can’t count.
We DO NOT put an “s” at the end of non- count nouns!
How much water is in this cup?
You cannot say “1 water is in this cup”.

16. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
With non-count nouns, we use different words than count nouns!
To measure them, we always use OF.
How much water is in this cup?
I see 475ml OF water in this cup!

17. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
COUNT NOUNS
MANY, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…
FEW
S for plural
CAKES ARE
NON-COUNT NOUNS
MUCH, no numbers!
LITTLE
no plurals!
BUTTER IS

18. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
To see the common groups of non-count nouns, please check an ELP Reference Booklet (see me for instructions on printing them out! 
How much oxygen is there?
That smoke is disgusting!
Rice is very common.

19. PRONOUNS

20. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
A pronoun replaces a noun.
In these sentences, the pronouns are talking about the nouns in blue.
A dog ran into the room. It had a black nose.
I have a friend who is from China.
I lost my phone. This makes me sad.

21. COMMON PRONOUN TYPES Subject Object Possessive Reflexive Demonstrative
Relative I me
mine
myself
this
which
you
yours
yourself
yourselves (pl)
that
who he
him
his
himself
these
she
her
hers
herself
those
whom it
its
itself we us
ours
ourselves
they
them
theirs
themselves

22. VERBS

23. VERBS
A verb is an action or state.
Action:
Run
Scream
Jump
Swim

24. VERBS
A verb is an action or state.
State: be
smell
have
think

25. DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERBS
These two groups of verbs are called action and non-action verbs.
Non-action verbs cannot be used with ING verb tenses!
I am running right now.
Now this binder feels wet.
He’s studying.
We’re sad.

26. DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERBS
When we have a verb tense, there are 3 big types:
MAIN VERBS
MODALS
HELPING VERBS
I run often.
I may run often.
I don’t run often.
She hates me.
Will she hate me?
She could hate me.

27. ADJECTIVES

28. ADJECTIVES Adjectives describe a noun or pronoun.
They are usually before a noun or AFTER some verbs (feel, be, etc.)
This is a nice binder.
I am sad.
My blue bag is on the floor.

29. ADJECTIVES
Comparative adjectives are used to talk about the differences between two things.
He is nicer than you.
Is she as smart as you are?

30. COMPARING ADJECTIVES To discuss comparison, there are some rules:
We usually use these structures:
Comparative adjective + than
as normal adjective as
He is nicer than you.
Is she as smart as you are?

31. MAKING COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
If an adjective is 1 syllable or 2 syllables and common, we use ________er.
He is nicer than you.
My teacher is funnier than your teacher.
I was happier when I was young.

32. MAKING COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
If an adjective is 2 syllables and uncommon or 3+ syllables, we use more ______ and less _____.
He is more beautiful than she is.
He is less polite than my friend was.

33. SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
For an adjective that is the most of something, we use:
The _______est
The most ________
The least _________
Which is the tallest building in the world?
My friend is the smartest.

34. SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
We call them superlative adjectives.
For formation, use the same rules as comparative adjectives.
Which is the tallest building in the world?
My friend is the smartest.

35. IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
REGULAR ADJECTIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
good
better
best
bad
worse
worst
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
little
less
least
much/many
more
most

36. ARTICLES + NUMBERS Articles and numbers are both adjectives.
I have a friend.
Three men are angry.

37. ADVERBS

38. ADVERBS Adverbs describe: Adjectives Adverbs Verbs
I am really mad right now!
She runs very quickly.
He studies hard.

39. ADVERBS
To make an adjective, you can add LY at the end of an adjective.
Be careful:
friendly
lonely
elderly
are ADJECTIVES!
I am quick. I run quickly.
He is angry. He’s talking angrily.
We are sad. We’re studying sadly.

40. ADVERBS We can compare adverbs using: I run as quickly as you do.
As…as
More
Less
Most
Least
I run as quickly as you do.
No, I run more quickly!
No, you run less quickly!

41. ADVERBS Here are some examples of common adverbs that DON’T end in LY:
just
now
here
also
more
too as
where
very
when
again
today
tomorrow

42. ADVERBS Adverbs can go in 3 places: Beginning of clause
Before the main verb
End of clause
Today, I’m going home.
Where are you studying tonight?
I don’t usually know when she gets here.

43. OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH

44. CONJUNCTIONS Conjunctions connect ideas.
We’ll talk about the different types later.
He’s nice, but I’m not very sure about him.
If you leave now, I’ll be very angry!

45. PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions form prepositional phrases, which describe a noun or action.
Prepositional phrases start with a preposition and end with a noun!
The man (in the garden) is looking (for you).
(After school), I’m going (to the mall) (with my friends).

46. Interjections
Interjections are words that don’t fit into the other groups.
They’re normally words that are spoken.
They often have exclamation points (!) after them!
Hello!
Ow!
Aww!
Yay!
Wow!

47. IN SUMMARY: THE PARTS OF SPEECH
1. NOUNS
2. ADJECTIVES
3. ADVERBS
4. VERBS
-count
-non-count
-general
-proper
-common
-comparative
-superlative
-as...as /than
-3 positions
-as…as/than
-action
-non-action
-helping verb
-modal
-main verb
5. PRONOUNS
6. ARTICLES
7. PREPOSITIONS
8. CONJUNCTIONS
-subject, object, relative, possessive, etc.
-definite
-indefinite
-prepositional phrases
9. INTERJECTIONS

48. QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS PRESENTATION
What is a noun, verb, adjective, and adverbs?
how are count and non-count nouns different?
what are general nouns? how do we talk about them?
how are proper and common nouns different?
What are pronouns?
what are articles?
what are action and non-action verbs?

49. QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS PRESENTATION
how do we compare adjectives?
what are comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs?
what are the irregular comparative adjectives?
what are adverbs?
what do adverbs normally end with?
where do we put adverbs? (3 places)
what are conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections?