1. Basic Electricity and Electronics
Chapter Lesson 1

2. Electricity The movement of electrons from atom to atom
The atom is the smallest particle of matter

3. Matter All substances are made of matter
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space

4. Atom Made up of three parts: Protons–positively charged particles
Neutrons–particles with no charge
Electrons–negatively charged particles

5. Atom

6. Atom Protons and neutrons combine to form the nucleus
Since opposite charges attract each other, the negatively charged electrons tend to remain in orbit around the positively charged nucleus

7. Conductors Allow the flow of electricity
Contain atoms with free electrons
one to three electrons in the outer orbit
Free electrons are not locked in orbit around the nucleus
electrons can be forced to move from one atom to another
Copper, gold, and silver are good conductors

8. Insulators Resist the flow of electricity
Contain atoms with bound electrons
five to eight electrons in the outer orbit
Bound electrons will not leave their orbit around the nucleus
Plastic, rubber, and ceramics are good insulators

9. Electrical Terms Three terms are used in the study of electricity:
current
voltage
resistance

10. Current Flow of electrons through a conductor Measured in Amperes (A)
I is the abbreviation for current

11. Current Two theories are used to describe current:
Conventional (current) theory
states that current flows from positive to negative
Electron theory
states that current flows from negative to positive

12. Voltage Electrical pressure that causes electron flow
Measured in Volts
V or E is the abbreviation for voltage
Higher voltage increases current flow
Lower voltage decreases current flow (explain why this is true)

13. Resistance Opposition to current flow Measured in ohms ()
R is the abbreviation for resistance
High resistance reduces current
Low resistance increases current (explain why this is true)

14. Current, Voltage, and Resistance
One volt can push one amp of current through one ohm of resistance

15. Types of Circuits A simple circuit consists of the following:
Power source (Voltage supply)
battery, alternator, or generator
Load (Resistance)
electrical device that uses electricity
Conductors (Path for the flow to follow)
wires or metal parts that carry current between the power source and load

16. Simple Circuit

17. Types of Circuits Series circuit Parallel circuit
has more than one load connected in a single electrical path
Parallel circuit
has more than one electrical path
Series-parallel circuit
contains both a series circuit and a parallel circuit

18. Series Circuits TV = VR1 + VR2 + VR3 + … VRn
Total voltage is equal to the sum of the voltage drop across each resistor. Amperage
TA = AR1 = AR2 = AR3 = … Arn
Total amperage is equal the amperage at all resistors
TR = R1 + R2 + R3 + … Rn
Total resistance is equal to the sum of all resistances.

19. Parallel Circuits TV = VR1 = VR2 = VR3 = … VRn
Total voltage is equal to the voltage at each resistor.
Voltage remains the same at all resistors.
TA = AR1 + AR2 + AR3 + … Arn
Total amperage is equal the sum of all amperage at all resistors
Total resistance is smaller than the smallest resistance in parallel circuit.

20. Parallel Circuits _1_ _1_ _1_ _1_ _1_ TR = R1 + R2 + R3 + … Rn
_1_ _1_ _1_ _1_ _1_
TR = R1 + R2 + R3 + … Rn
Total resistance formula, for many resistances in parallel.
Best used for resistors of different values.
R1 x R2
TR = R1 + R2
Used for only two resistors in parallel, the above equation is used.
TR = R1/the number of resistors
Used for any number of resistors in parallel all of the same value.

21. Series and Parallel Circuits

22. Vehicle’s frame or body serves as an electrical conductor
One-Wire Circuit
Vehicle’s frame or body serves as an electrical conductor

23. Ohm’s Law
Formula for calculating voltage, amperage, or resistance when two of the three values are known

24. Ohm’s Law

25. Workbook Exercise
Answer questions 1 to 11
Pages of text book