1. CELLS!

2. What are cells?
Robert Hooke in 1665 first called the tiny chambers he saw in a microscope cells. All living things are made out of cells! Cells contain living matter.
CELLS MAKE UP EVERY LIVING THING!
Plants are made of CELLS!
Animals are made of CELLS!
Bacteria are CELLS!
Can we see them?
Most cells are very small so we can’t see them without a microscope
BUT a chicken egg is just one large cell.. 

3. The Cell Theory What do cells have to do with life?
All living things are composed of cells
(you, me, plants, bugs, fish, chickens, Colonel Sanders, slugs, Bacteria, Yeast, Jackie Chan)
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
(what keeps us upright and helps us live, basically small workers responsible for how we function!)
New cells are produced from existing cells
(they can’t just appear out of thin air…cells make new cells by dividing!)

4. Classifications of Life:
All life is classified into three Domains…
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Each domain is divided into Kingdoms. There are six different kingdoms…
Eubacteria
Archae-bacteria
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Everyday bacteria. Helpful bacteria that live in our bellies as well as streptococcus, the bacterium that causes strep throat.
Prokaryotic
Bacteria found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents with no oxygen or highly acid environments.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals. Amoeba, paramecia, euglena, etc.
Eukaryotic
Flowering plants, cone-bearing plants, mosses, and ferns
Eukaryotic
Mushrooms, mold, yeast, mildew
Eukaryotic
Invertebrates: worms, insects, mollusks, etc.
Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (including humans).
Eukaryotic

5. It’s important to note that both Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are Prokaryotes. All Prokaryotes are single-celled and include all types of bacteria.
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are much more genetically varied than Protists, Plants, Fungus, and Animals, which is why bacteria are divided into two kingdoms.

6. PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
Both Have:
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Plasma Membrane
With Plants: Cell Wall
With (some) Animals: Flagella
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus!
Eukaryotes are more complex
Eukaryotes are larger

7. Why are cells named that way?
From Greek words…
EU means TRUE.
PRO means BEFORE.
KARYON means NUCLEUS.
Eukaryote = TRUE NUCLEUS;
Prokaryote = BEFORE NUCLEUS.
All cells have DNA; in eukaryotes it is stored in the nucleus.
Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus; prokaryotic DNA floats around in the cytoplasm in things called nucleoids or the nucleoid region.
Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, like Smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, etc.

8. Test Yourself! Statement Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 1. Have a nucleus
2. Have membrane-bound organelles
3. Contain genetic material (DNA)
4. Can be single or multi-celled
5. Can only be single-celled.
6. Have a plasma membrane and cytoplasm

9. How is life organized for MULTI-CELLULAR Organisms?
Cells make up tissues which make up organs which make up organ systems which make up organisms
We can also take it back to the atomic level..

10. QUESTIONS?
Stem Cells