1. Combating Counterfeit and Substandard ICT Devices
(Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014)
Digital Object Architecture-based Product Quality Safety Information Traceability System in Infant Formula Industry: Architecture, Advantages and Impacts
Dr. Jian Zhou,
Director of Informatization Research and Promotion Center, ETIRI, MIIT, China
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

2. Background and Motivation Technology Traceability System
Index
Background and Motivation
Technology
DOA and the Handle System
Traceability System
Design Ideas
Architecture
Workflow and Standardization
Advantages and Impacts
Conclusions and Recommendations
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

3. Background and Motivation Technology Traceability System
Index
Background and Motivation
Technology
DOA and the Handle System
Traceability System
Design Ideas
Architecture
Workflow and Standardization
Advantages and Impacts
Conclusions and Recommendations
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

4. Background and Motivation
ICT technologies should and would play important roles in boosting competitiveness for traditional industries and enterprises
Collaboration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and traditional industries has the potential to satisfy practical requirements and bring benefits for those industries
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

5. Background and Motivation
Key Problem for Food Industry
Quality Safety
Many food quality safety accidents result in serious consequences
BSE (also known as mad cow disease) in Europe
Sudan red and melamine in China
Clostridium botulinum in New Zealand
Lack of management mechanism and necessary technical support
Hard to participate
Lack of Super-vision
Hard to recall
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

6. Background and Motivation
Building the proper traceability systems that consist of technology applications, management improvements and legal supports is an important task for all countries.
The development of traceability system rely on the top-level design, government guidance, capability on informatization and management of enterprises, and public participation
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

7. Background and Motivation
Building a public food quality safety traceability platform is an urgent and essential task on hand
Consumer
Public Platform
Front End System
Front End System
Front End System
Front End System
Front End System
Front End System
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

8. Background and Motivation Technology Traceability System
Index
Background and Motivation
Technology
DOA and the Handle System
Traceability System
Design Ideas
Architecture
Workflow and Standardization
Advantages and Impacts
Conclusions and Recommendations
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

9. The Handle System was proposed by Dr. Robert E. Kahn in early 90’s
Technology
The Handle System, including its namespace and architecture, is a general-purpose global name service
The Handle System was proposed by Dr. Robert E. Kahn in early 90’s
It is one of the key components of the Digital Object Architecture (DOA), which is a basic information infrastructure that can facilitate interoperability between systems
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

10. Multiple Advantages of Handle
Technology
The Handle System manages handles, which are unique names for digital objects and network resources
Multiple Advantages of Handle
Example: Every handle consists of two parts: Handle Naming Authority / Local Name
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

11. Technology
Under the regulation and support of ITU, Digital Object Numbering Authority (DONA) is established and is responsible for Global Handle Registry (GHR), and authorizes a group of Multi-Primary Administrators (MPAs)
Each MPA will run a global root service separately, known as the Global Handle Service (GHS)
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

12. Technology
MPA China was established as one of the top-level management organization of the Handle System, with the headquarter located in the coalition of Electronic Technology Information Research Institute (ETIRI of MIIT), CDI and CHC, and is responsible for global root services operation and management
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

13. Technology
The Handle System has been selected by China as the core technique major national projects
''National Food Quality Safety Traceability Platform''
''National Public Service Platform for IoT Identifier Management''
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

14. Background and Motivation Technology Traceability System
Index
Background and Motivation
Technology
DOA and the Handle System
Traceability System
Design Ideas
Architecture
Workflow and Standardization
Advantages and Impacts
Conclusions and Recommendations
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

15. Traceability System Aim
Use a practical and valid scheme in building the system on which the food industry and the state-of-the-art IoT technologies collaborate
Provide a convenient and authentic manner for the public to participate, saving cost for and bringing benefits to enterprises, and aiding governments in supervision and enforcement
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

16. Traceability System Design Ideas
To build the public traceability system in an effective way, the following design ideas are introduced as the principles for implementation and promotion
1) Conform to the national strategies and basic requirements of the construction of the Internet of Things
2) Possess good openness and compatibility
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

17. Traceability System Design Ideas
3) Public platform construction with low cost, short period and notable effects
4) Legal and convenient tracing of information, meet the requirements of consumers, enterprises and the government
5) Secure and manageable system operation
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

18. Traceability System Architecture
The architecture of the ''National Public Food Quality Safety Traceability Platform'' consists of five systems, provides services to multiple categories of users, and serves enterprises along the food industry chain.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

19. Traceability System
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

20. Enterprise Data Exchange System Public Identifier Service System
Traceability System
Food Industry Chain
Enterprise Data Exchange System
Public Identifier Service System
Client Terminal Query System
Traceability Service Website
Security Authentication System
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

21. Traceability System Food Industry Chain
All enterprises along the industry chain can serve as the data source by two kinds of operation: making the product coding conform to the Handle namespace, integrating the traceability data and make them ready to be exchanged
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

22. Food Industry Chain – Product Coding
Traceability System
Food Industry Chain – Product Coding
Support all types of two-dimension code, including QR, DM, GM/CM, etc.
Support RFID
YiLi’s Product(DM) Yashili’s Product(QR)
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

23. Enterprise Data Exchange System
Traceability System
Enterprise Data Exchange System
Serves as the front end of the Handle System. It consists of two functions, data exchange and local storage.
We have developed the integrated equipment “the Handle System all-in-one server”, providing complete handle front-end functions.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

24. Public Identifier Service System
Traceability System
Public Identifier Service System
Based on the Handle System services provided by National Public Service Platform for IoT Identifier Management.
Serves as the data transfer bridge between applications and data sources.
Implemented as a group of distributed high-performance servers.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

25. Client Terminal Query System
Traceability System
Client Terminal Query System
Will provide multiple kinds of users convenient and various means to access the traceability data of the products, including Smart phone, social media tools, dedicated machine in retail stores, hand-hold query machine, etc.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

26. Traceability Service Website
Traceability System
Traceability Service Website
Serves as another entrance for users to access the traceability service
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

27. Security Authentication System
Traceability System
Security Authentication System
Carries out verification on the traceability data and user requirements.
Verifies the validity and uniqueness on the enterprises.
Prevents vicious queries and calculated attacks by authentication on the traceability request and user identity.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

28. Traceability System Work Flow of the System Simple and efficient
The users initiate traceability requests, and the requests containing handles are transmitted to the public identifier service system for resolution
The enterprise data exchange system will get the requests, find the corresponding data that match the handles, and send them back to the users
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

29. … Public Food Quality Safety Traceability Platform Client Website
Enterprise Data Exchange System
Public Identifier Service System
Allocation
Resolution
Query
Client
Website
Software
Download
Product Info
Enterprise Data Exchange System (Different Enterprise)
Enterprise Level Information System
Consumption Info …
Data Upload
Enterprise
Info
Public Food Quality Safety Traceability Platform

30. Standardization Issues
Traceability System
Standardization Issues
“Specification on product quality safety traceability system for infant formula industry” will be published in early 2015 as industrial standard in China
Standardization is necessary for directing enterprises to acquire the system’s service
The traceability information, technologies (product identifier, exchange interfaces, two-dimension codes, RFID, security, etc.)
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

31. Background and Motivation Technology Traceability System
Index
Background and Motivation
Technology
DOA and the Handle System
Traceability System
Design Ideas
Architecture
Workflow and Standardization
Advantages and Impacts
Conclusions and Recommendations
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

32. Advantages and Impacts
Impacts: Implementation
The public traceability platform has been built by a technical group consisting of third-party research institutes and IT companies, led by ETIRI of MIIT, under the guidance of MIIT in 2013 and are put into practical use since June 14th 2014.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

33. Advantages and Impacts
Impacts: Participation of enterprises
Six large infant formula enterprises have established connection with this public system, including Yili, the largest dairy manufacturer in China.
Until Oct 31th 2014, the number of registered handles for this application is over 80 million, and the number of traceability information items is 31.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

34. Advantages and Impacts
Advantages: Overview
The public platform poses several positive social impacts on subjects participating in its establishment and application.
These subjects’ participation and contribution will indeed boost the system’s effectiveness, and potentially they can all benefit from the platform’s operation from different perspectives.
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

35. Advantages and Impacts
Advantages: Consumers/ the Public
It provides a convenient and authentic manner to participate in the supervision of and being informed about the product
Potentially boost consumer confidence
It has higher credibility on both the provided information and the joined enterprises/product than enterprise-level traceability system
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

36. Advantages and Impacts
Advantages: Enterprises
Duplicate construction will be avoided
It supports information integration along the industry chain, avoiding major inputs for enterprises
Moreover, the system is able to assist combating counterfeit, anti-fleeing, and brand promotion(aided by dynamic info)
Helpful to promote the informatizational integrated management level, develop-ment manner and competitiveness
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

37. Advantages and Impacts
Advantages: Government
Information classification and regulation of food quality could be achieved
Aids the government in supervision and enforcement on the enterprises
Emergency measures concerning foodborne disease or recalling due to quality defects could be aided, acquiring integrated information and diagnosing the problematic segment on the industry chain in an effective way
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

38. Background and Motivation Technology Traceability System
Index
Background and Motivation
Technology
DOA and the Handle System
Traceability System
Design Ideas
Architecture
Workflow and Standardization
Advantages and Impacts
Conclusions and Recommendations
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

39. Conclusions and Recommendations
A DOA-based product quality safety traceability system supporting traceability along the industry chain is introduced
The system has high credibility, can aid combating counterfeit and the government's supervision
Similar architectures could be applied in different industries and scenarios
Collaboration of ICT technologies and traditional industries could result in competitiveness improvements
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

40. References
[1] H. LeHong and J. Fenn, “Hype cycle for emerging technologies, 2013,” Gartner Tech Report, Aug 2013.
[2] D. Harris, Mad cow disease and related spongiform encephalopathies. New York:Springer- verlag Berlin Heidelberg press, 2004.
[3] E. Domingo, A. Tirelli, C. Nunes, M. Guerreiro and S. Pinto, “Melamine detection in milk using vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis: A review,” Food Research International, vol. 60, pp , June 2014.
[4] “Fonterra relieved about ‘all clear’ from clostridium botulinum”, media release by Fonterra Communications, Aug 2013.
[5] S.Sun, L. Lannom and B. Boesch, “Handle System Overview”, Nov 2003.
[6] S.Sun, S. Reily and L. Lannom, “Handle System Namespace and Service Definition”, Nov 2003.
[7] S.Sun, S. Reily, L. Lannom and J. Petrone, “Handle System Protocol (ver 2.1) Specification”, Nov 2003.
[8]
[9]
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014

41. Thanks for your attention!
Combating Counterfeit and Substandard ICT Devices
(Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014)
Thanks for your attention!
Dr. Jian Zhou,
Director of Informatization Research and Promotion Center, ETIRI, MIIT, China
Website:
WeChat Public Service Account:
Geneva, Switzerland, November 2014