1. Cold War Roots

2. Conference at Yalta Yalta
Soviet Union fought West controlling all of Eastern Europe
United States and Britain fought East controlling Western Europe
Met in middle - Germany
Yalta
United States, Britain, Soviet Union
Agreed: Divide Germany into zones
East Germany = German Democratic Republic
West Germany = Federal Republic of Germany
Germany will pay (reparations?) to Soviet Union for loss of life and property
Free Elections in Eastern Europe

3. Division of Germany (Yalta) & Berlin (Potsdam)

4. Goals of the 2 Super Powers
United States
Encourage Democracy to prevent spread of Communism
Access materials and markets to fuel economy
Rebuild European governments for stability
Reunite Germany – stability and security
Soviet Union
Encourage Communism for worldwide workers’ revolution (Spread Communism)
Rebuild its economy using Eastern Europe’s resources
Use Eastern Europe as a buffer from the West
Keep Germany divided to prevent war (France?)

5. Wall of Satellite Nations
Shield itself from a Western invasion
History of European invasions
Soviets pushed Nazis West capturing Eastern Europe
Free Elections?
Installed Communist Governments: Romania, Bulgaria

6. Iron Curtain Video “Iron Curtain” represents the division between
Mostly Democratic Western Europe
Communist Eastern Europe
Go To RealPlayer

7. Truman Doctrine
“I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure.”
Truman, March 12, 1947
Truman Doctrine: limiting Communism to the areas it already controlled, Containment

8. Marshall Plan
Post war Europe was destroyed, breeding ground for Communism
Marshall Plan: massive aid program, including food and economic assistance to help rebuild European countries
Stalin rejected Marshall Plan

9. Berlin Airlift
¾ of Berlin controlled by Western Democracies lay deep within Eastern Germany
June, 1948 : Sealed off rail and highway access to Berlin (lack of utlities)
Western Response: Massive airlift for more than a year with food, medicine and fuel
Why?

12. Define the following on this paper:
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Warsaw Pact