1. Enzymes of mouth & stomach:
Source/Location
Substrate
End Products
Salivary Amylase
Sal. Glands/
Mouth
Starch
Complex Sugar
Pepsin (Gastric Protease)
Gastric Glands/Stomach
Protein
Protein Fragments Polypeptide
Gastric Lipase
ButterFAT
Smaller pieces of FAT

2. Why we eat!
Nutrition - the study of nutrients, sources and how they are
used.
1. Nutrients -
A. Examples:
Substances in food needed to support one’s life processes
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and H20

3. B. Energy - may be obtained from carbohydrates, lipids and
proteins
1. Calorie -
Carbohydrates = 4 kcal per gram
Fats = 9 kcal per gram
Protein = 4kcal per gram
A dietary calorie is really a Kilocalorie!
measurement of potential energy in food.
(vitamins & minerals = NO Calories)

4. Vitamins: (also known as coenzymes)
Small organic molecules other than proteins, carbohydrates.and fat necessary for life processes.

5. Two categories:
1. fat soluble -
2. water soluble -
Letters ( A,D,K, E)
Vit. C
Names ( niacin, thiamine, and ascorbic acid)
* You must know functions, sources, and results from
deficiencies for: vitamin A, D, K, C (ascorbic acid)

6. Vitamin deficiency:
1. Low intake -
2. Failure to absorb -
3. Liver doesn't store -
Poor diet!
Diarrhea
Diseased liver

7. D. Minerals
Functions-
Most common minerals-
- also known as cofactors (need 18 different ones)
- inorganic elements needed for proper metabolism:
- obtain from soil thru plants or herbivores.
- 4% of body weight(concentrated in bones and teeth).
- structural material
- muscle contraction
- blood clotting
- nerve functions
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
Chlorine
3/4 of body’s minerals