1. 2.1 PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS

2. CELL THEORY STATES THAT
1 All living things are made up of one or more cells and their
products.
2 The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes.
3 All cells come from other cells, they do not come from non-
living matter

3. All living things re made up of cells, very simple or complex.
Organism
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Unicellular
Multicellular
Plant
Animal

4. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Organisms with typical, complex cells (humans, animals, plants, etc)
Prokaryotes
Primitive, one-celled organisms (bacteria—E. coli)
No internal membranes (no ER, vacuoles, nuclear membrane)
Few organelles
One chromosome

5. Cell Structure
All cells have to perform the same basic activities to stay alive use energy store materials bring materials in from environment get rid of waste move substances to where they are needed reproduce

6. Cell Organelles Organelle Location Description Function CELL WALL
Plant cells
Outer layer
Rigid, strong, stiff
Made of cellulose
Support and protection
CELL MEMBRANE
Plants: Inside cell wall
Animals: outermost layer
Thin layer of lipid and protein
Selectively permeable
Controls movement of materials in/out of cell
Barrier between cell and environment
NUCLEUS
Plant and animal cells
Large, oval
Surrounded by nuclear membrane
Contains chromosomes
Controls cell’s activities
Stores cell’s genetic information

7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Cell Organelles
Organelle
Location
Description
Function
CYTOSOL
Outside nucleus
Clear, thick, jelly-like
Major bulk of cell
Suspend organelles
Dissolves cell’s nutrients
RIBOSOMES
Cytosol
Some line surface of E.R.
Tiny, spherical
Made of protein and DNA
Manufacture cell’s proteins
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Network of tubules (made of membranes)
Store cell products
Help package materials to be shipped out of cell
GOLGI BODIES
Network of sacs
Finish packaging materials to be shipped out of cell

8. Cell Organelles Organelle Location Description Function LYSOSOMES
Cytosol (rarely in plant cells)
Small, round, with membrane
Sacs of digestive enzymes
Digest ingested food particles
Digest old cell parts
MITOCHONDRIA
Cytosol
Oval, bean shape
Inner and outer membrane
Produces energy
Breaks down sugar to extract energy (respiration)
CHLOROPLASTS
Cytosol of plant cells
Large, green, oval with membrane
Internal membranes
Contains chlorophyll
Uses light energy to build sugar molecules
Food for plant
VACUOLE
Plant: large
Animal: many small
Surrounded by membrane
Store food, water, and sometimes waste

9. Plant vs. Animal Cells Centrioles No centrioles Lysosomes No lysosomes
Small vacuoles
Large vacuoles
No cell wall
Cell wall
No chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
Rounded shape
Brick shaped