1. Cell Organelles

2. Learning Targets
Describe the structure, function, and location of all organelles.
Nucleus ◦ Ribosomes
Mitochondrion ◦ Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◦ Vacuole
Lysosomes ◦ Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus ◦ Chloroplast
Cilia & Flagella ◦ Cell Wall
Explain the differences and similarities between plant and animal cells.
Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. Cell Membrane also known as the Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane also known as the Plasma Membrane
Cell: In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Structure: Film surrounding cell
Function: Controls what enters and exits the cell.

4. Cell Wall  Cell: Plant ( also in all fungi, algae and bacteria cells)
Structure: Rigid wall that surrounds the cell membrane.
Function: protects the cells and gives it shape.

5. Cytoskeleton  Cell: In all eukaryotic cells (plants & animals)
Structure: Made of proteins
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Connects cytoplasm with cell membrane
Function: Provides structural support and movement

6. Nucleus  Cell: Only in eukaryotic cells
Structure: Contains genetic information – DNA. Nuclear envelope (membrane) – membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Function: Control center or “brain,” of cell

7. Nucleolus Structure: Dark spot at center of Nucleus
Function: responsible for making ribosomes.
Cells: Only in eukaryotic cells

8. Ribosomes  Cell: All (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)
Function: Make proteins for the cell.
Structure:
Eukaryotic cells: float freely or are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Prokaryotic cells: float freely in cytoplasm

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cell: All eukaryotic
Structure: Series of membranes. Rough ER has ribosomes attached, Smooth ER does not.
Function: Smooth ER: transports and makes lipids, Rough ER: transports proteins through the cell.

10. Mitochondria  Cells: plant and animal cells (All eukaryotic)
Structure: Large, oval organelles with a double membrane.
Function: provide energy for the cell by converting large organic molecules to energy in the process of cellular respiration.

11. Chloroplasts  Cells: Only in plant cells (and algae)
Structure: Large, green organelles with a single membrane.
Function: responsible for making sugar via photosynthesis.

12. Golgi Apparatus  Cells: In all eukaryotic cells (plants & animals)
Structure: Series of flat, membrane-bound sacs
Function:
process the proteins made by the ribosomes
package them in vesicles to be secreted out of the cell.

13. Vesicles  Cells: In all eukaryotic cells (plants & animals)
Structure: Parts of the ER and Golgi pinched off
Located in the cytoplasm
Function: Storage bag for proteins

14. Vacuoles  Cells: In all eukaryotic cells (plants & animals)
Structure:
They are also responsible for giving plant cells shape. Plants have 1 big vacuole.
Animal cells may have 1 or 2 small vacuoles.
Function: Large organelles used for storing water and waste products.

15. Lysosomes  Cells: In all eukaryotic cells (plants & animals)
Structure: Small, round organelles with a single membrane
They are digestive organelles. Have digestive enzymes in them.
Function: Break down molecules and eliminate waste products. (“Suicide sac,”)

16. 
Cilia
Cells: Animal
Structure: short hair-like projections that help cells move.
Function: Movement

17. Flagella  Structure: Long, whip-like tail that helps cells move.
Function: Movement
Cells: Only in animal cells (also seen in prokaryotic cells)

18. Cytoplasm  Cells: In all cells
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Structure: Jelly-like substance inside cells
Function: holds all cell organelles in place