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AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

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Presentation on theme: "AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas"— Presentation transcript:

1 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash definition: neck pain experienced as a result of a motor vehicle collision or similar trauma Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

2 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

3 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash whiplash injury: any structural damage sustained because of the whiplash forces Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

4 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash whiplash injury: it is the abnormal motion between individual motion segments that has the potential to injure facets, disks, and ligaments Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

5 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash whiplash associated disorder: variety of clinical symptoms other than head, neck , and arm pain that occur after a whiplash type of trauma Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

6 Whiplash The Quebec Classification for Whiplash Associated Disorders
Grade No Complaint about the neck No physical signs Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

7 Whiplash The Quebec Classification for Whiplash Associated Disorders
Grade Neck Complaint of pain , stifness or tenderness only No physical signs Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

8 Whiplash The Quebec Classification for Whiplash Associated Disorders
Grade Neck Complaint and musculoskeletal signs (including decreased ROM and point tenderness) Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

9 Whiplash The Quebec Classification for Whiplash Associated Disorders
Grade Neck Complaint and neurological signs (including decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, weakness, and sensory deficit) Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

10 Whiplash The Quebec Classification for Whiplash Associated Disorders
Grade Neck Complaint and fracture or dislocation Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

11 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash annual incidence ranges from 0,1 to 7 per financial burden results from the small number of injuries that become chronic patients with disabilities of more than 6 months account for 46% of the total cost Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

12 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash 15% to 40% of patients with acute neck pain after MVC develop chronic pain 5% to 7% of patients become permanently partially or totally disabled Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

13 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Natural history: In +/- 80% pain after MVC begins the day of the collision complete recovery occurs in 60 to 85% of patients 5% to 12 % experience chronic moderate to severe pain 5% to 10% have permanent partial or total disability Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

14 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Prognostic factors: strongest indicator of poor outcome is high initial intensity of pain conflict in results regarding older age and female sex no prognostic differences in preinjury psychological factors , work related factors , litigation Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

15 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Prognostic factors: consulting a lawyer results in lesser chance on early claim settlement, longer treatment and slightly worse function in a no-fault no-tort system there is a shorter time to case closure Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

16 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Clinical symptoms : acute vs chronic neck pain (i.e. Pain that persists beyond 6 months) location: midline, uni- or bilateral , trapezius, shoulder, interscapular , arm or face Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

17 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Clinical symptoms : Headache is the second most common symptom involves the base of the skull and radiates to the crown of the head and the frontal region Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

18 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Clinical symptoms : WAD including LBP , visual disturbances, dizziness, tinnitus, weakness , fatigue , poor concentration , poor memory , difficulty sleeping , secondary psychological changes Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

19 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash structural etiology facet joint 49%-54% facet joints in chronic neck pain 60% facet joints in chronic neck pain and headache 53% C2/C3 facet joint pain in case of cervicogenic headache Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

20 Whiplash structural etiology disk ? craniocervical ligaments?
Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

21 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash Treatment: acute neck pain explanation, education, reassurance no orthosis « act as usual » as good as any other treatment active excercises conflicting results of SMT NSAIDs Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

22 Whiplash Treatment: chronic neck pain
rehabilitation injections medication spinal manipulative therapy cervical orthosis surgery Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

23 Whiplash Treatment: chronic neck pain
rehabilitation strength training and endurance training intensive excercises are more effective than light excercises but not more effective than ordinary activity behavior modification : overcoming fear avoidance Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

24 Whiplash Treatment: chronic neck pain
injections level 1 evidence for efficacy of RFN for pain arising from facet joints Complete pain relief is possible with pure facet joint pain and in 86% of patients with facet-joint mediated cervicogenic headache Median of days pain relief Corticosteroid injection of facet joints only short term relief No place for epidural infiltrations Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

25 Whiplash Treatment: chronic neck pain
medication Up to 3 trials of different NSAIDs (2wks), when response is meaningful drug should be continued Opioid analgesics No evidence for the use of TCA nor anticonvulsants Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

26 Whiplash Treatment: chronic neck pain
spinal manipulative therapy No evidence concerning efficacy Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

27 Whiplash Treatment: chronic neck pain
cervical orthosis No evidence for efficacy Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

28 Whiplash Treatment: chronic neck pain
surgery Surgery may be considered for the patient wih severe pain, significant impairment and good psychological health who has not improved with high quality non-surgical care Diskography? ? Science , pff ! Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

29 AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas
Whiplash key references spitzer wo, skovron ml, salmi lr et al: scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on whiplash-associated disorders: redifining whiplash and its management Spine 1995;20:1S-73S schofferman j, bogduk n, slosar p:chronic whiplash and whiplash-associated disorders: an evidence based approach Journal of the AAOS;vol 15, October 2007,No 10, pp Dr Gert Van Esbroeck AZ Nikolaas Sint Niklaas

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