1. Overview of Protein Synthesis And RNA Processing

2. Making Proteins
DNA
This image summarizes the processes of transcription and translation.
What are the three stages in this process (central dogma) and where are they in this picture?
mRNA
rRNA
protein
tRNA

3. RNA RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Contains Ribose as the sugar in its sugar-phosphate backbone
RNA has Uracil rather than Thymine as a base
Base pairs: A – U C – G
3 types of RNA
messenger (mRNA)
transfer (tRNA)
ribosomal (rRNA)

4. Two Steps to Protein Synthesis
Transcription: mRNA is made from a strand of DNA
Translation: Protein is made by a ribosome by using mRNA as the set of “instructions.”

5. Two Steps to Protein Synthesis
Transcription: mRNA is made from a strand of DNA
Translation: Protein is made by a ribosome by using mRNA as the set of “instructions.”

6. Transcription in Prokaryotes
DNA is transcribed into mRNA

7. Translation in Prokaryotes
mRNA serves as the instructional material to make proteins

8. Transcription in Eukaryotes
DNA is transcribed into pre-mRNA

9. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
Non-coding regions of the mRNA, called introns, are removed from the pre-mRNA.

10. Translation in Eukaryotes
The mRNA with only the coding region (the exons) leaves the nucleus.
Translation from mRNA to protein occurs in the cytoplasm.