1. Protein Synthesis

2. Learning Goals What to know:
Relationship between DNA, genes, amino acids, and proteins
DNA vs RNA
Steps of transcription & translation
Coding for specific amino acids

3. Gene Expression
Protein- is a long string of amino acids that fold into various structures
Gene: segment of DNA that specifies the amino acid (AA) sequence of a protein

5. Production of RNA RNA- Ribonucleic Acid
This is not making a mRNA on the ENTIRE DNA strand…..JUST THE GENE
link between DNA & Protein synthesis
single strand, single helix, Uracil not Thymine

6. Something new you learned Something surprising you learned
Watch linked video
In your notes:
Something new you learned
Something surprising you learned
A question you still have

7. DNA makes RNA in nucleus
3 types of RNA:
1. Messenger (mRNA)- takes DNA message to ribosome
2. Ribosomal (rRNA) - make up ribosome (with proteins)
3. Transfer (tRNA) - brings amino acids to ribosomes

8. Protein Synthesis Steps
Gene Expression- production of a protein
2 steps:
1. Transcription- DNA copied into mRNA
2. Translation- mRNA directs the sequence of AA in a polypeptide

9. Part 1 - Transcription Transcription of mRNA
RNA Polymerase binds tightly to Promoter (TATA box)
Promoter is a region of DNA that contains special sequence of nucleotides
RNA Polymerase opens open DNA & joins RNA nucleotides to DNA (complimentary)

10. Transcription Cont’d -Processing-
Add Guanine cap to 5’ end of RNA and Poly-A tail (AAAAAA) to 3’ end of RNA
Introns, segments of DNA with no gene function, are cut out leaving only exons get to leave nucleus
Exons spliced together is the finished RNA strand

11. Transcription Steps

12. Part 2 - Translation mRNA goes to ribosome
The mRNA tells what order the amino acids should be in to make the protein

13. Translation The Code Codon- 3 letters unit of mRNA
64 different codons but only 20 different aa
You will get handout

14. Translation b) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bring the amino acid (aa) to the ribosomes
at least 1 tRNA molecule for each of 20 aa
aa binds to one end of tRNA
Other end has anticodon which is complimentary to a specific codon of mRNA
RNA-amino acid complex goes to ribosome and its anticodon pairs with mRNA codon

15. Translation
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

16. Let’s practice reading the code:
DNA is:
3’TATAGTACAATACTGAACATTUCTTGC5’
What is the mRNA?
What is the amino acid sequence?

17. Crafty Time 
Each table team will get a ziplock bag of protein synthesis parts
“act out” the process of protein synthesis using the paper pieces
Complete the attached booklet with the codes that you create

18. Video Time
You are going to make a video showing your understanding of protein synthesis
You will work in partners
You can use the ipads to create either a whiteboard marker sped up video, or a playdough video (see samples)

19. Video Samples Due to watch Monday, Oct 15th at START of class
Whiteboard video
Playdough video
Due to watch Monday, Oct 15th at START of class

20. Apps to Use for Video