1. Materials: worksheet
*Turn in Central Dogma HW and Gizmo to Front Tray by 2 min.
Catalyst (5 min):
What are the 3 processes included in the Central Dogma?
What is happening in each process?

2. Elite Eight Trait Check-Up
Respect the Threshold
Everyone on time?
Silent for First Five?
Be Prepared (2 min)
Seated
Have materials
Working on catalyst

3. Announcements Need a binder by:
Thursday: Periods 1, 2, 4, 6
Friday: Periods 5, 7
Know your Gizmo username and password for Thursday/Friday
Quiz over the Central Dogma on Thursday/Friday

4. Objectives
I can explain what is happening in transcription and translation.
I can explain the function of the 3 types of RNA.
I can read a codon chart and create a protein for a certain DNA strand.

5. THINK: What do you use your phone for?
How can deaf people call to set up a doctors appointment? (If you had to invent a product/service for this to be possible, what would you need?)

6. The Central Dogma of Biology!!!!
proteins
DNA
mRNA
transcription
translation
The Central Dogma of Biology!!!!
Dogma: a set of principles

7. Transcription

8. Where is DNA?
The nucleus
What is the end product?
Proteins
What organelle makes proteins?
Ribosomes (outside of the nucleus)

9. Label the DNA and where the proteins are made in the cell
Ribosomes: make proteins

10. Why do we need RNA?

11. DNA needs to get ‘the message’ out of the nucleus

12. It needs a messenger Think/Pair/Share:
• Where does the message need to go?
•What is the ‘message’?

13. mRNA (messenger RNA): carries information from DNA to the ribosomes (in the cytoplasm or on the Rough ER)

14. Transcription: making mRNA from DNA
Transcription happens in the nucleus

15. Steps during Transcription
DNA unzips, exposing the strand that will code for the message
Free-floating nucleotides match up with the appropriate exposed base creating a strand of mRNA
what protein do you think brings the mRNA nucleotides to DNA?
mRNA detaches and leaves the nucleus
DNA zips back up

16. DNA: G C G T A T C G
mRNA: C G C A U A G C

17. Partner work (5 min): Transcribe DNA Strands into mRNA strands Answer one per pair on a half sheet of paper.
1. ATCGAA
2. GGCATA
3. CTAGCG
4.What process did this represent?
5. What is being made and where?

19. Translation

20. Translation
Translation is the process of using mRNA to build a protein.
mRNA
protein
Translation happens in the ribosome

21. Translation Translation needs 3 types of RNA: • mRNA (messenger RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA): makes up the ribosome
tRNA (transfer RNA): carries amino acids (the monomer of proteins) to the ribosome so they can make a protein

22. But HOW does mRNA code for proteins?

23. PROTEINS are long strings of ____________
Amino acids
The order of the amino acids determines the shape of the protein
mRNA uses a code to tell the ribosome what proteins to make

24. Codon: 3 letters of mRNA together code for a specific amino acid (there are 22!)

25. Think: 2 codons (2 amino acids) 150 codons! 6 codons (6 amino acids)
3 “letters” = 1 codon
How many codons would be in a strand of.... 6?
18?
450?????
Proteins are often HUNDREDS of amino acids long. You can start to see why we have such long strands of DNA. The MESSAGE is LONG!
2 codons (2 amino acids)
150 codons!
6 codons (6 amino acids)

26. tRNA reads the codon and brings the specific amino acid to the ribosome

27. Anticodon: The sequence of 3 bases on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA

28. Codon Summary
Triples of mRNA that code for a specific amino acid

29. Translation Steps:
1) Make sure you have the transcribed strand. Remember: it MUST be RNA! (Translation is RNAprotein, NOT DNA protein)
2) Divide up strand into codons (sets of 3)
3) Use the Codon Chart to identify the amino acid coded for by the codon (*This chart will be GIVEN, you DON’T need to memorize it!)

30. Start and Stop Codons
Just like journalists use quotation marks (“__”) to indicate the beginning and end of a quote....
• The ribosome needs a start and stop codon to know when to start and stop ‘reading’ the mRNA

31. Codon charts show the amino acid that an mRNA codon calls for

32. Codon Practice Strand of DNA: A T G G T C A T C
Strand of RNA: U A C C A G U A G
Codons
U A C
C A G
U A G
Tyrosine
Glutamine
STOP

33. AGG TCT ACA ACT UCC AGG ser AGA UCU arg UGU ACA cys UGA ACU stop
mRNA codon
tRNA anticodon
amino acid
UCC
AGG
ser
AGA
UCU
arg
UGU
ACA
cys
UGA
ACU
stop

34. DNA: TTACGTATC mRNA: Codons: Amino acids: AAUGCAUAG AAU GCA UAG asp
ala
stop

35. Panther Pass What is happening in transcription?
What is happening in translation?
Why do we need mRNA?
What is the function of tRNA?
DNA: A C G T C G G A T
mRNA:
amino acid sequence: