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The Rise of the Middle Ages

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Presentation on theme: "The Rise of the Middle Ages"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Rise of the Middle Ages
Chapter 10

2 Fall of Rome Diocletian Constantine Emperor in 284
Reorganization of the empire with co-emperors Shared powers but Diocletian had supreme authority Diocletian ruled East / Maximus ruled West Constantine Became sole emperor in 324 after years of civil war between power driven co-emperors and generals Protected and converted to Christianity New capital in Byzantium named Constantinople Modern day Istanbul, Turkey Weak rulers after Constantine’s death Fall of the Western Empire by 400s Eastern Empire remained as the Byzantine Empire

3 Fall of Rome: Germanic Invasions
People living beyond the Rhine and Danube Rivers Ostrogoths, Visigoths Rule of Augustus: peaceful migrations Huns Asian nomadic warriors Moved into area around Black Sea Raids, pillaging Forced Germans into Gaul/Europe 378: Visigoth revolt Poor treatment by Romans Eventually captured Rome in 410 476: Romulus Augustulus overthrown Last Western Roman Emperor “Fall of Rome”

4 Black Sea

5 The Rise of the Franks Section 1

6 Merovingians Germanic Tribes
Various tribes across Europe Franks played biggest role in modern Europe Franks: Northern Gaul (Belgium/Netherlands) Clovis Descendent of Merovech 481: ruler of a single Frankish tribe Cruel, but excellent military leader Converted to Christianity after winning a battle and promising his wife Merovingian leaders after Clovis were weak Kingdom divided among heirs

7 Charles Martel Charles the Hammer Son of Pepin II 732: Battle of Tours
Mayor of the palace 732: Battle of Tours 741: Charles Martel dies Leaves kingdom to Carloman and Pepin III Carloman enters monastery

8 Pepin III (the Short) Established the Carolingian Dynasty
Named after Pepin’s son Charlemagne 751: crowned “King by the grace of God” by the pope Began practice of having the church legitimize a king’s rule Popes would use it as basis for authority over kings Pope Stephen II asked for help Defeat Lombards in Italy (Germanic invaders) Territory around Rome given to the pope as a gift from Pepin after Lombards’ defeat Papal States

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10 Charlemagne (r ) Carolus Magnus: Charles the Magnificent/the Great War Lombards (Italy) Saxons (Germany) Moors (Spain) Renovatio Imperi Romani Renewal of the Roman Empire Dec 25, 800: Emperor of the Romans St. Peter’s Church Pope Leo III Unified Europe-successor to Rome

11 Charlemagne’s throne (and later German kings) Aachen, Germany

12 Charlemagne’s Empire Kingdom divided into regions with a local count
Counts raised armies, administered laws Aix-la-Chapelle: capital of empire Modern day Germany No direct taxes on the people Missi dominici “the lord’s messengers” Travelling “judges” Education Carolingian Renaissance He was relatively uneducated Could read/not write Established a school at the palace and in the empire Monks, scholars from all over Europe Carolingian Bible Libraries

13 Decline of the Empire Louis the Pious (Charlemagne’s son)
Weak ruler Treaty of Verdun (843) Empire divided among Louis’s sons in 840 Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German Eastern kingdom, middle kingdom, western kingdom Fighting among brothers instead of invaders Middle kingdom ended by 870 Local counts no longer supported monarchy Invasions Moors (Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica) Slavs Magyars (Hungarians)

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15 Vikings Scandinavian Farmers, hunters Spring/Summer
Norway, Sweden, Denmark Danes/Norsemen Farmers, hunters Spring/Summer They went “a-Viking” Aka raiding and pillaging Europe/Britain Captured people as slaves to work farms during winter months “Democratic” society Landowning assemblies made laws

16 Vikings 800s: Growing population= food shortage Death
Groups sailed from Scandinavia to other areas France, Germany, eastern Europe “Normandy” France = “land of Norse (North) men Iceland, Greenland, N. America Captured fortified cities SCARY Death Burial mounds Tools, boats, etc buried with bodies Cremation Burned the body on a boat

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