1. Logical framework Approach (LFA)

2. Concept of LFA
The LFA is an analytical tool for objectives-oriented project planning and management.

3. Concept of LFA
LFA is a handy summary of the key factors of the project for staffs, donors, beneficiaries and other stakeholders, which can be referred to throughout the lifecycle of the project.
Log frame can also provide a helpful guide to the information that needs to be gathered using participatory methods, and the outcomes of a variety of planning tools.

4. LFA is a summary of
Why the project is carried out (development objective and immediate objectives)
Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program
Improve health and well-being of the people of Kathmandu Valley (DO).
Alleviate shortage of potable water in Kathmandu Valley (IO).

5. LFA is a summary of What the project is supposed to produce (outputs)
Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program
Establishing appropriate institutional framework
Establishing National Water Supply Regulatory Board
Establishing water authority for Kathmandu Valley
Forming and incorporating Water Utility Operator company

6. LFA is a summary of
How the project is going to achieve the outputs (activities)
Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program
Designing of modalities to be used for pro-poor water supply service delivery and incorporating them as conditions in the prospective RFP and in the subsequent contract with Management Contractor
Water authority for Kathmandu Valley starts operation

7. LFA is a summary of
How the success of the project can be measured (indicators)
Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program
Reduced incidence of water-borne diseases of the population by the commissioning date of the MWSP
Adequate quantity of water supplied (total and for the poor) to make secondary sources no longer needed

8. LFA is a summary of
Where the data can be found (means of verification)
Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program
Government health statistics to be reviewed on an annual basis
NWSRB benchmarking key performance indicators to be monitored throughout the program period

9. LFA is a summary of
Which external factors influence the project (assumptions)
Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program
Institutional reforms under the Local Self-Governance Act work and the introduction of private sector participation is not delayed
Temporary absence of Parliament and elected municipal government officials

10. LFA is a summary of
Which inputs are required for the project (inputs/budget)
Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program
Program loan total ($5million)
Project loan total ($10million)
Performance-based management contract consulting services (10 person-months international; 43 person months domestic)

11. Why LFA? Problems are analysed systematically
The objectives are clearly formulated, logical and measurable
The risks and conditions for success of a project are taken into account
There is an objective basis for monitoring and evaluation
Your project proposal will be coherent

12. Using LFA Helps to:
bring together and present all the key components of a project in a clear, concise, coherent, and systematic way;
ensure there is no confusion between the various components of a project;
easily check the logic of a project and identify inconsistencies and omissions;
provide a consistent context for measuring achievements against indicators;

13. Using LFA… review project progress and make any adjustments; and
maintain accountability and transparency between all parties involved throughout the project life-cycle.

14. Terminologies Used in LFA
Goal/impact: the highest or ultimate objective
Purpose/outcome: immediate benefit from the project
Output: measurable outcomes to be achieved
Activities: actions required to get outputs
Input: resources to undertake activities
OVI: measures (direct/indirect) for verification
MoV: data/information necessary to verify
Assumptions/risks: factors likely to obstruct scheduled work

15. How LFA Works? National/sector area National/sector area
Goal
Purpose
Project area
Project area
Outputs
Inputs
Activities
Expected situation
Present situation

16. A Standard LFA Project Elements/ Narrative Summary
Indicators/Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVI)
Means of Verification (MoV)
Assumptions/Risk
Goal
(1)
Indicators
(9)
MoV
(10)
Project Purpose
(2)
(11)
(12)
Assumptions
(8)
Outputs
(3)
(13)
(14)
(7)
Activities
(4)
Inputs
(5)
(6)

17. LFA Example Project Elements Indicators MoV Assump. 1. Goal
Safe and reliable transportation system
departure and arrival on time
market share increase
Traffic records
2. Project Purpose
1. Bus service improved
2. Frequency of bus accident reduced
Road conditions are improved
accidents and injury reduced by X %
3. Outputs
1. Drivers trained
2. # new bus operational
3. Maintenance workshop equipped
4. Maintenance routine established
Trained drivers remain with the bus company
# of trained drivers
# of new bus equipments in w. s.
maintenance routine
5. Inputs
1. Driving instructor X months
2. Funds for buses
3. Funds for tools and spare-parts
4. Maintenance instructor Y months
Buses, its tools and spares supplied and cleared in time
4. Activities
1. Undertake training programme
2. Procure buses
3. Procure tools and spare-parts
4. Develop maintenance routines

18. Intervention Logic of Project + Assumptions
OUT
Goal/impact
Project Purpose +
Assumptions +
Outputs/results
Assumptions +
Activities
Assumptions
Pre-conditions
If the activities are carried out,
and if assumptions are valid, then ...

19. An Example of “If and Then” Logic
Goal
“to create a community of happy children and adults in a village”
If we establish a community committee (activity) and people are enthusiastic (assumption) then we’ll have the capacity to build and manage a playground (output). If we have a playground (output) and it’s easy to maintain (assumption) then children will have fun (purpose). If children are having fun (purpose) and families continue to grow in the village (assumption) then we’ll reach the goal of a happy community.

20. “If and Then” Logic … OVI MoV Assum./Risk
10% increase in the no. of Grades 5-6 primary students continuing on to high school with in 3 years
Improve reading profeciency among children in Grade 5-6 by 20% within 3 years
Improved reading proficiency provides self confidence required to stay in school
500 Grade 5-6 students with low reading proficiency complete a reading summary camp
Children apply what they learnt in the summer camp at school
Run five summer reading camps, each with capacity for 100 Grades 5-6 students
Parents of children with low proficiency are willing to send them to the camp
THEN IF
AND

21. LFA Example Records indicating per-capita income (district profile
Project Elements/Narrative Summary
Indicators/Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Means of Verification (MoV)
Assumption/Risk
1. Goal
Improved economic status of farmers
Records indicating per-capita income (district profile
20% increase in agricultural income
-Marketing system works properly
2. Project Purpose
Irrigate land
Increase agricultural production
Field survey, observation, statistical record of District Agriculture Office
Increased farm production
-Community people use irrigation system properly
3. Outputs
Community based irrigation system constructed
Project completion report
-Community participation is obtained
Project record and field inspection
4. Activities
Field survey
Construction of … km canals
Construction of … km sub-canals
-Budget realese in time, timely availability of construction materials
5. Inputs
Budget
NPR … Lakhs
Bills and invoices

22. Group Exercise on LFA
Prepare a log frame of the project that you identified earlier and present in plenary.

23. References
IPPF, 2006, Proposal that Works. NORAD, 1999, The Logical Framework Approach. Sida [SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY], 2005, The Use and Abuse of the Logical Framework Approach. Guide to Logical Framework Approach: A Key Approach for Project Cycle Management ( x?Type=Home&Id=525) Adapted from frameworkandprojectproposal