3. Mudstone permeability vs. porosity Limited scale-dependence10
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
porosity
k (m2)
inverse modeling (scale of ~2-80 km)
m scale (borehole)
10 cm scale (cores)

4. Permeability decreases strongly with depth due to closing of fractures under increased pressure (crystalline rocks) or consolidation/porosity loss and cementation (sedimentary rocks)
Ingebritsen and Manning, 1999

5. In most rock formations, anisotropy is related to rock fabric or layering
In sedimentary rocks, effective or “bulk” properties for multiple layers may define REV. This imparts anisotropy.
In crystalline rock this is more variable and depends on fabric (if it exists), fracture orientations