1. Colonial Culture and Tension with England
Unit 1, Lesson 5

2. Essential Idea
England and American colonies grew apart culturally and politically over time.

3. Women in the Colonies Women:
The role of the woman was to raise and educate children and run the household when the husband was absent
Married women were not supposed to work outside the home and were expected to obey husbands
Unmarried women had more rights, such as property ownership

4. Africans in the Colonies
African Slaves:
Initially, colonists justified slavery because Africans were not Christians
Eventually, slavery was based on RACE, and the status could be passed on to CHILDREN
Slave Codes:
These laws emphasized that African slaves were DIFFERENT and created racism
These laws controlled slaves and kept them at a low status
Slaves could not own property, testify against whites, and could not travel or assemble freely
Indentured Servitude, Bacon’s Rebellion, and Racially-Based Slavery

5. Slave Conditions Slave Conditions:
Slaves worked long days performing hard labor and sometimes were beaten
Slave owners would sometimes break up families by selling off members

6. Slave Resistance Slave Resistance:
Slaves would work slowly, pretend to be dumb, or run away
Stono Rebellion- in 1739, slaves in South Carolina rebelled against their owners
They killed 21 whites but were caught when they tried to escape to Spanish Florida
Slave Conditions and the Stono Rebellion

7. The Colonies Grow Birth Rate Increases
In the 1700s, the population in the colonies grew rapidly
Families averaged seven children each, and even more in New England (Northern population grew faster)
The population doubled every 25 years, up to 2.5 million by the American Revolution in 1776
By 1776, most colonists had been born in America, NOT England

8. The Colonies Grow Immigration:
By 1776, over 300,000 non-English immigrants had moved to the English colonies
Germans and Dutch moved to the middle colonies
The Scots-Irish, who had been oppressed by England, moved to the western frontier
Africans were brought as slaves, mostly to the Southern colonies

9. Colonial Demographics in 1776

10. Loyalty to England Decline
Impact on Loyalty to England:
By 1776, most people in the colonies had either been born in America or in a country other than England
By 1776, England had passed many laws and committed actions the colonists hated
Respect for England’s authority declined, which helped cause the American Revolution in 1776

11. English/Colonial Economics
Mercantilism:
Idea that a country’s power is tied to its wealth
Colonies provided England with raw materials, making England self-sufficient
England got wealthier because did not have to buy from other countries

13. The Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts:
These laws exploited the colonies to help England
Colonists could only trade on English ships
England listed several products the colonists could ONLY sell to England

14. Colonies React to the Navigation Acts
Colonial Reaction:
The colonies felt these acts restricted their economies
Colonists smuggled goods to the Caribbean (West Indies), Africa, and other European countries

15. England Tightens its Grip
English King James II merged the New England colonies together and put a governor-general, Sir Edmund Andros, in charge
This new “Dominion of New England” was meant to crack down on smuggling
Andros strictly enforced the Navigation Acts and higher taxes
The colonists’ relationship with England worsened

16. England’s Revolution Glorious Revolution:
James II and Edmund Andros were both removed from power
England created the English Bill of Rights, allowing free speech, jury trials, and ending “cruel and unusual punishment”
The new English leaders, William and Mary, restored freedom to the colonies
This foreshadowed the American Revolution and the American Bill of Rights
The Navigation Acts and the Glorious Revolution

17. New Ideas: The Enlightenment
Philosophical Movement:
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment emphasized logic, science, and reasoning (rationalism)
Deism:
Many Enlightenment thinkers were deists
Deists believed God let natural laws run the universe but had no personal relationship with humans

18. Enlightenment Thinkers
John Locke’s Beliefs:
Natural Rights- rights people are born with, including the right to life, liberty, and property.
Compact theory- government exists as a compact with the people in order to protect natural rights
The government rules at the consent of the governed
People should abolish a government that does not protect their natural rights

19. Enlightenment Thinkers
Baron Montesquieu's Beliefs:
Separation of Powers- division of government into three branches—executive, legislative, and judicial
Checks and Balances- the branches “check” each other’s power, preventing a dictatorship

20. The Zenger Case (1733) Zenger Case:
John Peter Zenger was put on trial for criticizing the New York governor in the newspaper
Zenger was ruled not guilty
This related to government ruling by consent of the governed
This also helped set the precedent of freedom of the press (1st Amendment)

21. New Ideas: The Great Awakening
Religious Movement:
The Great Awakening
Over time, colonists had become less religious
The Great Awakening was a revival of Christianity in the colonies
Emotionalism was emphasized over rationalism and people were converted at large public revival meetings
The movement rejected traditional church authority and stressed a personal connection with God

22. The Great Awakening Major Preachers:
Jonathan Edwards- called on people to repent or be sent to hell by an angry God
George Whitefield- preached emotional sermons with a booming voice
The Great Awakening

23. The Great Awakening Impact: American churches split into two groups
“Old Lights”- churches that maintained traditional authority
“New Lights”-emphasized personal religious experience over traditional church authority

24. Impact of Movements on Colonies
Impact of New Ideas on the Colonies:
The Enlightenment led Americans to feel England had violated their natural rights and the “compact”
The Great Awakening led Americans to question England’s traditional authority
These two movements made Americans prone to consider independence from England in 1776