1. © 2007 IBM Corporation Steve Bowden Green Computing CTO IBM Systems & Technology Group UKISA Sustainable Computing in a Carbon Sensitive World Blue turning Green

2. 2 Is climate change happening and is human activity the cause? This is business sense not politics… Why do we care? Do we act? Is Climate Change Real? YESNO YES OUTCOME We spent some money, but were alive OUTCOME Famine, global depression, catastrophies, Environ, Health NO OUTCOME The World goes on, but weve spent some money, Global depression OUTCOME Phew! Ack: Wonderingmind42 A Global Economic Bet

3. 3 Data centers are at a tipping point SOURCE: IDC, Worldwide Server Power and Cooling Expense 2006-2010, Document #203598, Sept. 2006 Left unchecked, the cost to power and cool servers in the future may well equal the cost of acquisition. If IDC 2010 forecast holds, the cost to power and cool servers in the data center will increase by 54%. IT executives now rank power and cooling in the top 5 among current concerns. $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 1996 199719981999 2000 2001 2002200320042005200620072008 2009 2010 Installed Base (M Units) Spending (US$B) New server spending Server mgmt and admin costs x4 Power and cooling costs x8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Today, 50 cents are spent on energy for every dollar of hardware This is expected to increase by 54% over the next four years By 2010 Energy = 71% of annum IT spend, 92% of IT Week respondents said IT Director was not liable for the utility bill Economist – Average energy costs to rise further35% to meet 550 ppb CO2

4. 4 Data Centres Electrical and building systemsCooling systems Chiller/ Cooling Tower Information Technology LightingSwitch/ Gen Uninterruptible Power Supply Power Distribution Unit Computer Room Air Conditioner Humidifier Power Use 35% 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 % of total data center electricity use Data Center Energy Efficiency Assessment Server and storage consolidation and virtualisation assessments

5. 5 Impact of power and heat on the data center Source: IBM Product heat density trend 2008, 50% of todays data centers will have insufficient power and cooling capacity to meet the demands of high-density equipment 2011, power demand for high- density equipment will level off or decline 2011, in-rack and in-row cooling will be the predominant cooling strategy for high-density equipment 2011, in chassis cooling technologies will be adopted in 15% of servers Source: Gartner; Meeting the DC power and cooling challenge

6. 6 The Effect of Utilisation At 20% utilised a server would use 60% of its maximum potential power draw 4 x 20% utilised servers = 240% power used CPU Utilisation %age Energy Usage At 80% utilised a server would use 75% of its maximum potential power draw 1 x 80% utilised = 75% power used SAVING : 240 – 75 = 165% or 2/3rds VIRTUALISATION – Allows you to combine those workloads

7. 7 Comparison of typical server utilisation rates and market volumes UNIX ® x86 Mainframe Used Idle > 80%15% - 20%<6% This is why Virtualisation will happen… IDC state that percentage of Virtualised servers sold will Grow from 10% in 2007 to 47% in 2010

8. 8 Storage Power Landscape Storage Power Consumption/GB Data Center Storage Usage External PB Shipped Data Center Storage Power Growth Source: IBM Source: IDC Full History Disk Area Density Trend 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 1950196019701980199020002010 Year of Production Gb/sq. in. 60-100% CAGR 25% CAGR 60-100% CAGR

9. 9 Storage Strategies Source: IBM Watts Watts/GB Speed Kills: Best server class drive in Watts/TB is 7,200 RPM 500 GB drive Watts/GB Storage Design Strategies Virtualise Virtualise Tier – Understand your data, what level is appropriate Tier – Understand your data, what level is appropriate Balance Disk performance vs. Disk Capacity Balance Disk performance vs. Disk Capacity Number of Spindles/Disks vs. Capacity Number of Spindles/Disks vs. Capacity When to refresh, when Watt/GB improves When to refresh, when Watt/GB improves

10. 10 IBMs Data Center s IT Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Strategy Facility Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Strategy Centralization Physical Consolidation Virtualization Application Integration Improved Operations Best Practices State-of- the-Art Consolidate many centers into fewer Reduce infrastructure complexity Improve facilities management Reduce staffing requirements Improve business resilience (manage fewer things better) Improve operational costs Consolidate many servers into fewer on physical resource boundaries Reduce system management complexity Reduce physical footprints Remove physical resource boundaries Increased hardware utilization Allocate less than physical boundary Reduce software licensing costs Migrate many applications into fewer images Simplify IT environment Reduction of operations resources Improve application specific monitoring and tuning Conservation techniques Infrastructure energy efficiency Improved airflow management Hot and cold aisles Improved efficiency transformers, UPS, chillers, fans, and pumps Free cooling Integrated power management Direct liquid cooling Combined heat and power

11. 11 EEI Green Plan 1. Diagnose : Evaluate existing facilities and energy goals. Data Center Energy Efficiency Assessment Optimized airflow assessment for cabling Data Center Infrastructure Partner Offerings Zodiac environmental Study Server/Storage Energy Efficiency Power Configurator Active Energy Mgnt DC Strategy; Relocation; Specialized Services Scalable Modular Data Center Energy Efficiency Project Financing Blue Gene – Top 500 winner Green Computing Cross platform server virtualization (z, i, p, x) Storage virtualization IBM BladeCenter IBM Cell Broadband Engine WebSphere DataPower SOA Appliances Strategic Architecture,Server,Storage Services Power Executive software Tivoli Monitoring Usage and Accounting Manager Environmental compliant /secure disposal Data Center Stored Cooling Solution Rear Door Heat eXchanger Acoustic Door Vectored Cooling Green-Plan 5 Steps IBM Energy Efficiency Initiative Green-Plan Offerings _Examples 2. Build: Plan, build or update to an energy efficient data center. 3. Implement: Implement virtualization or new technology 4. Manage & Measure: Use management software. 5. Cool: Exploit liquid cooling in the data center Project Big Green Progression – The 5 Step plan

12. 12 IT Carbon Footprint Users Generating the carbon footprint of IT IT Carbon Footprint Users Generating the carbon footprint of IT IT Carbon Strategy (As an integral part of the overall IT Strategy) Directing the carbon footprint of IT driven by business requirements IT Carbon Strategy (As an integral part of the overall IT Strategy) Directing the carbon footprint of IT driven by business requirements IT Carbon Footprint Drivers Controlling/influencing the carbon footprint of IT IT Carbon Footprint Drivers Controlling/influencing the carbon footprint of IT IT Supply Chain (IT sourcing, procurement disposal etc) IT Supply Chain (IT sourcing, procurement disposal etc) Applications Middleware IT Facilities Infrastructure (Cooling, UPS, etc) IT Facilities Infrastructure (Cooling, UPS, etc) Data Centre IT Hardware (Servers, storage, network, etc) Data Centre IT Hardware (Servers, storage, network, etc) Decentralised IT Hardware (Servers, storage, network, etc) Decentralised IT Hardware (Servers, storage, network, etc) Distributed IT Hardware (PCs, monitors, printers, copiers etc) Distributed IT Hardware (PCs, monitors, printers, copiers etc) Data IT Architecture & Solution Design This diagram focuses on the main IT drivers and users of carbon – if required a more detailed component level breakdown can be created using the IBM Component Business Model for the Business of IT IT Management House of Carbon IT Room Structure Customer and product Supply chain People ITPropertyInformation Strategy

13. 13 Further extend IBMs early accomplishments by reducing CO 2 emissions associated with IBMs energy use 12% from 2005 to 2012 via energy conservation, use of renewable energy, and/or funding CO 2 emissions reductions with Renewable Energy Certificates or comparable instruments. New Goal Announced! Early Results 40% Between 1990 and 2005, IBMs global energy conservation actions reduced or avoided CO 2 emissions by an amount equal to 40% of its 1990 emissions. 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 20002001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Awards & Recognition Computer Program Charter Member 1992 Business Environmental Leadership Council Charter Member 2002 Charter Member 2000 WRI Green Power Market Development Group Charter member 2000 Charter member 2003 Since inception Environmental Efforts at Big Blue 1605(b) voluntary emissions reporting since 1995 FORTUNE 500 Top 20 2004, 2005, 2006 2005 The Climate Group 2005 USEPA Climate Protection Award 1998 and 2006 1998, 1999, 2001 Green Power Purchaser Award 2006 58% 1998 Became the first semi- conductor company to set a numerical target for PFC emissions reduction Environmental responsibility is a core IBM value

14. 14 Summary Understand the fundamental rules of Power and Heat Dont believe the marketing hype Who are the people that care? Engage them Utilise IBMs Skills and years of experience IBMs done this