1. Natural and Energy Resources

2. Natural Resource
Useful minerals and other materials that people take from the Earth
Some examples are fossil fuels, metals, trees, water, air

3. Renewable Resource A resource that is replaced as it is used
Examples are trees, fish, oxygen, and fresh water
In the long term, soil would be considered a renewable resource since it will eventually be replaced

4. Nonrenewable Resource
Cannot be replaced once it is used up
Rocks and minerals are nonrenewable resources
In the short term, soil would be considered a nonrenewable resource since it takes a long time to make more of it

5. Fossil Fuels Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Formed from the remains of once-living organisms

6. Chemical Bond Joins atoms together to form molecules
Chemical energy is stored in the chemical bonds that join atoms of carbon to each other and to atoms of other elements, such as hydrogen
When fossil fuels are burned, the chemical bonds are broken and the energy is released as thermal energy

7. Hydroelectric Energy
Electricity is generated from the force of falling water
Produces 1/5 of the world’s energy
Renewable
Needs rivers and usable geography

8. Tidal Energy
Uses the mechanical energy of changing tides to turn turbines which turn generators to produce electricity
Non-polluting, inexhaustible
Must have good tides (location issue)

9. Biomass Organic matter that is living or was recently alive Wood
Garbage
Gasoline + Alcohol = Gasohol
Cheap, easy to produce
Doesn’t provide a lot of energy compared to fossil fuels

10. Nuclear Energy
Large amounts of thermal energy is released when the nucleus of an atom is split apart.
Nuclear Reactor
(thermal energy)
Water turned to steam
Steam turns turbines
Turbines turn generators to produce electricity

11. Geothermal Energy Uses heat from inside the earth
Expensive to build, requires location near heat source (volcanic)
Non-polluting, inexhaustible

12. Solar Energy Energy of sunlight Can be used for electricity or heating
Sunlight is free but solar collectors and cells can be expensive

13. Fusion Energy This process is what powers the Sun
Tremendous amounts of energy can be released when the nuclei of small atoms are forced together to form a large nucleus
Requires extremely high temperatures
Presently limited to laboratory experiments

14. Wind Energy Uses windmills to produce electricity
Wind is free, nonpolluting, and inexhaustible
Wind turbines are expensive and wind is not always constant

15. Coal Formation
Peat – a soft, brown material made up of partly decayed plants
Lignite – as peat is squeezed and heated over time, it turns into a soft, brown rock
Bitumen – More heat and pressure over time will turn lignite into a hard, dark brown or black rock
Anthracite – Even more heat and pressure over time will turn bitumen into a hard, black rock. It is almost pure carbon.

17. Fossil Fuels Web